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Pharmacology > Pharmacology-Reproductive > Flashcards

Pharmacology-Reproductive Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Leuprolide: mechanism and action when pulsatile

A

GnRH analog, agonist when pulsatile

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2
Q

Leuprolide: mechanism and action when continuous

A

GnRH analog, antagonist when continuous (downregulates GnRH receptor in pituitary leading to decreased FSH and LH)

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3
Q

Leuprolide: use (pulsatile)

A

infirtility

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4
Q

Leuprolide: use (continuous)

A

uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, prostate cancer

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5
Q

what must be given with Leuprolide for the treatment of prostate cancer?

A

flutamide

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6
Q

Leuprolide: toxicity

A

Antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting

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7
Q

Testosterone, methyltestosterone: mechanism

A

agonist at androgen receptors

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8
Q

Testosterone, methyltestosterone: use

A
  • treat hypogonadism and promotes secondary sex characteristics
  • (+) anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury!
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9
Q

Testosterone, methyltestosterone: toxicity

A
  • masculinization in females
  • reduces intratesticular testosterone in males by (-) Lh release
  • gonadal atrophy
  • premature closure of epiphyseal plates
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10
Q

Testosterone, methyltestosterone: effect on LDL, HDL

A
  • increased LDL and decreased HDL
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11
Q

Antiandrogens: names

A

finasteride, flutamide, ketoconazol, spironolactone

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12
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT

A

5alpha-reductase

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13
Q

Finasteride: mechanism

A

5alpha reductase inhibitor

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14
Q

Finasteride: use

A
  • BPH
  • promotes hair growth (male pattern baldness)
  • (can encourage female breast growth)
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15
Q

Flutamide: mechanism

A

non-steroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at Test. receptor

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16
Q

Flutamide: use

A

prostate carcinoma

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17
Q

Ketoconazole: mechanism

A

inhibit steroid synthesis

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18
Q

Ketoconazol: what specific enzyme does it inhibit

A

17-20 desmolase

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19
Q

Spironolactone: mechanism

A

inhibits steroid binding

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20
Q

Ketoconazol and Spironolactone: use

A

treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism

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21
Q

Ketoconazol and spironolactone: side effects

A

gynecomastia, amenorrhea

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22
Q

Estrogens: names

A

ethinyl estradoil, DES, mestranol

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23
Q

Estrogens: mechanism

A

bind to estrogen receptors

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24
Q

Estrogens: use

A

hypogonadism or ovarian failure
menstrual abnormalities
HRT in postmenopausal women

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25
Estrogen use in men with what?
androgen-dependent prostate cancer
26
Estrogen: toxicity
- bleeding in post-menopausal women | - increased risk of thrombi
27
Estrogen: increased risk of what cancers
- endometrial cancer | - clear cell adenoma of vagina in females exposed to DES in utero
28
Estrogen: contraindications
- ER(+) breast cancer | - history of deep vein thrombosis
29
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) names:
Clomiphene, Tamoxifen, Raloxifen
30
Clomiphene: mechanism + use
- partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothal | - prevents normal feedback inhibition, increases release of LH and FSH (+) ovulation
31
Clomiphene: uses
infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome
32
Clomiphene: side effects
hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancies, visual disturbances
33
Tamoxifen: mechanism
estrogen receptor antagonist on breast tissue
34
Tamoxifen: use
treat and prevent recurrence of ER(+)breast cancer
35
Raloxifene: mechanism
esterogen receptor agonist on bone
36
Raloxifene: use
reduce resorption of bone so treat osteoporosis
37
HRT: use
- relief or prevention of menopausal symptoms + osteoporosis
38
Why must add progesterone to HRT?
unopposed ERT increases risk of endometrial cancer, so use progesterone too but will increase risk of CV accident
39
Anastrozole/exemestane: mechanism
aromatase inhibitor
40
Anastrozole/exemestane: use
postmenopausal women with breast cancer
41
Progestins: mechanism
bind progesterone receptors, reduce growth and increase vascularization of endometrium
42
Progestins: use
- oral contraceptives - endometrial cancer - abnormal uterine bleeding
43
Mifepristone: what is code?
RU-486
44
Mifepristone: mechanism
competitive inhibitor of progestins @ progesterone receptors
45
Mifepristone: use
- termination of pregnancy
46
What do you admin w/ Mifepristone?
Misoprostol (PGE1)
47
Mifepristone: toxicity
Heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorexia), abdominal pain
48
Oral Contraception (synth progestins + estrogens): mechanism
- (-) LH/FSH surge -> (-) estrogen surge -> no LH surge -> no ovulation
49
Action of Progestins:
thicken cervical mucus, inhibit endometrial prolif
50
Oral Contraception: contraindications:
Smokers over 35 (increased risk of cardiovasc events) | Patients w/ history of thrombi, stroke, or estrogen-dependent tumor
51
Terbutaline: mechanism
B2 agonist that relaxes uterus
52
Terbutaline: use
reduces premature uterine contractions
53
Tamsulosin: mechanism
a1 antagonist (a1A,D selective), inhibiting smooth muscle contraction
54
Tamsulosin: use
treat BPH
55
Sildenafil, vardenafil: mechanism/use
(-) phosphodiesterase 5, causing increased in cGMP, smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum, increasing blood flow, leading to penile erection
56
Sildenafil, vardenafil: toxicity
headache, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green coloured vision
57
Sildenafil, vardenafil: what occurs in patients on nitrates?
life-threatening hypotension
58
Danazol: mechanism
synthetic androgens, act as partial agonist at androgen receptors
59
Danazol: use
endometriosis | hereditary angioedema
60
Danazol: toxicity
weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, hepatotoxicity
61
Danazol: what effects on HDL?
decrease

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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