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Pharmacology > First Aid 2014 Rapid Review-Treatment > Flashcards

First Aid 2014 Rapid Review-Treatment Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

Absence Seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colcicine

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukiemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate for patient.

Alcohol Anonomous for patient’s family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benozodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class 1B antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin–> α1a-selective alpha blocker

finasteride–>5a reductase inhibior

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine(mood stabilizers)

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginitis)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycclin (+ ceftriazone for gonorrhea coinfection),

erythromycin eye drops (prophlaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor)

Allopurinol/Febuxostat (overproducer)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-a

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Anti-toxin

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23
Q

clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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24
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir

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25
Crohn disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
26
Cryptococcus neoformans
fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
27
cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
28
depression
SSRI (1st line) | -fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram
29
diabetes insipidus
DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic) -->used to create mild hypovolemia which encourages salt and water uptake in proximal tubule
30
Diabetes mellitus type1
Dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement
31
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin
32
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
33
Enterococci
Vancomycin/ampicillin +aminoglycoside
34
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, vardenafil | -inhibit phosphodiesterase ---> increase cGMP---> SM relaxation @ corpus cavernosum
35
ER + breast cancer
Tamoxifen -antagonist on breast tissue; agonist @ uterus, bone associated with endometrial cancer
36
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
37
Haemophilus influenzae (B)
Rifampin (prophylaxis)
38
Generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
39
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteriods
40
Heparin toxicity (acute)
Protamine sulfate
41
HER2/neu + breast cancer
Trastuzumab
42
Hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone
43
Hypercholesterolemia
statin (1st line) side effect: hepatotoxicity (increased LFT) rhabdomyolysis (esp with firbrates and niacin)
44
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
45
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
46
Infertility
Leuprolid (GnRH analog), GnRH (pulsatile), Clomiphene
47
Influenza
Rimandtadine, | oseltmamivir/zanamivir(inhibit influenza neuraminidase)
48
Legionella penumophila
erythromycin
49
Long-term anticoagulation
warfarin
50
Malaria
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont) --->blocks heme polymerase primaquine (for liver hypnozoite) -->prevent relapse
51
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
52
Medical abortion
Mifepristone-->competitive progesterone receptor partial antagonist
53
migraine
sumatriptan -->5HT agonist
54
MRSA
Vancomycin
55
Multiple sclerosis
B-interferon, immunosuppresion, natalizumab (? of PML)
56
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) rifampin-->inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase INH-->↓ synthesis of mycolic acids. (needed Kat G to convert INH to active metabolite) pyrazinamide--> acidify intracellular environment (phagosome) via conversion to pyrazionic acid. ethambutol-->works by obstructing the formation of cell wall
57
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycyclin to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
58
Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin/Ceftriazone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
59
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
60
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vit. D supplementation
61
Osteoporosis
Bisphosphonaes; calcium and vitamin D supplmentation | bonus pt: Raloxifene-->agnoist on bone, antagonist @ uterus
62
Patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
63
Pheochromocytoma
a-antagonist (eg. phenoxybenzamine [irreversible]) | then B-blocker
64
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
65
Prolactinoma
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)
66
Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
67
Prostate carcinoma
Flutamide -->inhibit 5a-reductase
68
Pseduomonas aeruginosau
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
69
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Sildenafil -->-inhibit phosphodiesterase ---> increase cGMP---> SM relaxation bosentan -->competitively antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors. epoprstenol --> prostacycli)n analog
70
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with plastic anemia)
71
Ringworm infection
Terbinafine-->inhibits the fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase griseofulvin-->interferes with microtubule function; disrupt mitosis imidazole-->inhibit funfal stero synthesis (via inhibition of P450)
72
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
5-HT2a antagnoists (eg. 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
73
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
D2 receptor antagonists (eg. 2nd-generation antipsychotifcs)
74
SIADH
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
75
Sickle cell anemia
hydroxyurea (? fetal hemoglobin)
76
Sporothrix schenckii
oral potassium iodide
77
stable angina
sublingual nitroglycerin
78
staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacilli, dicloxacillin MRSA: vancomycin
79
streptococcus bovis
penicillin prohylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
80
streptococcus penumonaie
penicillin prophylaxis
81
temporal arteritis
high-dose steroids
82
tonic-clonic seizures
phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
83
toxoplasma pallidum
penicillin
84
trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
85
trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Carbamazepine
86
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
87
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
88
Warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vit K (chronic)

Pharmacology (12 decks)

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