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Human Reproduction > First Aid: Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

First Aid: Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Types of congenital penile abnormalities

A
  • Hypospadias
  • Epispadias
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2
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Abnormal opening of penile urethra on ventral surface of penis due to failure of urethral folds to fuse

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3
Q

Hypospadias Mnemonic

A

Hypo is below

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4
Q

Congenital penile abnormalities epidemiology

A

Hypospadias is more common than epispadias

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5
Q

Hypospadias risk factors

A

Associated with inguinal hernia and cryptorchidism

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6
Q

Epispadias risk factors

A

Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with Epispadias

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7
Q

Epispadias Mnemonic

A

When you have Epispadias, you hit your Eye when you pEE

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8
Q

What is epispadias?

A
  • Abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the dorsal surface of penis due to faulty positining of genital tubercle
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9
Q

Hypospadias and epispadias

A
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10
Q

What is the Gubernaculim?

A

Band of fibrous tissue

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11
Q

Gubernaculim male remnant

A

Anchors testes within scrotum

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12
Q

Gubernaculim female remnant

A

Ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus

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13
Q

What is the Processus vaginalis

A

Evagination of peritoneum

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14
Q

Processus vaginalis male remnant

A

Forms tunica vaginalis

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15
Q

Processus vaginalis female remnant

A

Obliterated

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16
Q

Types of gonadal drainage

2 listed

A
  • Venous drainage
  • Lymphatic drainage
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17
Q

Describe venous gonadal drainage

A

Left ovary/testis → left gonadal vein → left renal vein → IVC

Right Ovary/testis → right gonadal vein → IVC

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18
Q

Describe gonadal lymphatic drainage

A
  • Ovaries/testes → para-aortic lymph nodes
  • Body of uterus/superior bladder → external iliac nodes
  • Prostate/cervix/corpus cavernosum/proximal vagina → internal iliac nodes
  • Distal vagina/vulva/scrotum/distal anus → superficial inguinal nodes
  • Glans penis → deep inguinal nodes
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19
Q

Things to remeber regarding gonadal lymphatic and venous drainage

A
  • “Left gonadal vein takes the Longest way”
  • Because the left spermatic vein enters the left renal vein at a 90o angle, flow is less laminar on left than on the right → left venous pressure > right venous pressure → varicocele more common on the left
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20
Q

Identify female reporductive anatomy

A
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21
Q

Infundibulopelvic ligament function

A

Connects the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall and contains the ovarian vessels

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22
Q

Ovarian vessels are contained in what ligament?

A

Infundibulopelvic ligament

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23
Q

Infundibulopelvic ligament AKA

Study These Flashcards
A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

24
Q

Infundibulopelvic ligament notes

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Ligate vessels during oophorectomy to avoid bleeding
  • Ureter courses retroperitoneally, close to gonadal vessels → at risk of injury during ligation of ovarian vessels
25
Cardinal ligament function
Connects the cervix to the side wall of pelvis and contains the uterine vessels
26
Cardinal ligament notes
Ureter at risk of injury during ligation of uterine vessels in hysterectomy
27
Female reproductive related ligaments
* Infundibulopelvic ligament * Cardinal ligament * Round ligament of the uterus * Broad ligament * Ovarian ligament
28
Round ligament of the uterus function
Connects the uterine horn to labia majora doesn't contain anything
29
Round ligament of the uterus notes
* Derivative of gubernaculum * Travels through round inguinal canal; above the artery of Sampson
30
Broad ligament function
Connects the Uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall and contains ovaries, fallopian tubes, round ligaments of uterus
31
Broad ligament notes
Fold of peritoneum that comprises the mesosalpinx, mesometrium and mesovarium
32
Ovarian ligament function
Connects Medial pole of ovary to the uterine horn
33
Ovarian ligament notes
Derivative of gubernaculum Ovarian **L**igament **L**atches to **L**ateral uterus
34
Vagina histology
Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized
35
Ectocervix histology
Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized
36
Transformation zone hiistology
Squamocolumnar junction (most common area for cervical cancer)
37
What is the most common area for cervical cancer?
The transformation zone squamocolumnar junction
38
Endocervix histology
Simple columnar epithelium
39
Uterus histology
Simple columnar epithelium with long tubular glands in proliferative phase; coiled glands in secretory phase
40
Fallopian tube histology
Simple columnar epithelium, ciliated
41
Ovary, outer surface histology
Simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium covering surface of ovary)
42
Male reproductive anatomy
608
43
Urethral injury epidemiology
* Occurs almost exclusively in men * Suspect if blood seen at urethral meatus * Urethral catheterization is relatively contraindicated
44
Part of the urethra involved in anterior urethral injury
Bulbar (spongy) urethra
45
Part of the urethra involved in posterior urethral injury
Membranous urethra
46
Mechanism of anterior urethral injury
Perineal straddle injury
47
Mechanism of posterior urethral injury
Pelvic fracture
48
Location of urine leak/blood accumulation in Anterior urethral injury
Blood accumulates in scrotum IF Buck fascia is torn, urine escapes into the perineal space
49
Location of urine leak/blood accumulation in Posterior urethral injury
Urine leaks into retropubic space
50
Presentation of Anterior urethral injury
Blood at urethral meatus and scrotal hematoma
51
Presentation of Posterior urethral injury
Blood at urethral meatus and high-riding prostate
52
Autonomic innervation of the male sexual response: processes innervated
* Erection * Emission * Ejaculation
53
Describe the Autonomic innervation of erection
* **P**arasympathetic nervous system (pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2-S4) * NO → ↑ cGMP → smooth muscle relaxation → vasodilation → proerectile * Norepinephrine → ↑ [Ca2+] → smooth muscle contraction → vasoconstriction → antierectile
54
Describe the autonomic innervation of Emission
**S**ympathetic nervous system (hypogastric nerve, TH-L2)
55
Describe the autonomic innervation of Ejaculation
Visceral and **S**omatic nerves (pudendal nerve)
56
Mnemonic of autonomic innervation of the male sexual response
**PSS** **P**oint **S**queeze **S**hoot
57
Sildenafil moa in the male sexual response
PDE-5 inhibitors (eg sildenafil) ↓cGMP breakdown

Human Reproduction (40 decks)

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