Fish husbandry

Question 1

What groups are fishes are included in teleosts?

Answer 1

Carp, goldifsh, salmon, trout, parrotfish

Question 2

What group are carps and goldfish in?

Answer 2

Cyprinidae

Question 3

How do fish survive in frozen waters?

Answer 3

Antifreeze protein in blood

Question 4

What types of reproduction can fish show?

Answer 4

Oviparous
Viviparous
Spawning in nests, fertilisation then egg depositor

Question 5

Are fish monogamous?

Answer 5

Can be promiscuous, polygyny, polyandry, monogamy, some asexual

Question 6

Which fish do not show sexual dimorphism?

Answer 6

Herrings

Anchovies

Question 7

What are the 3 water salinities of fish?

Answer 7

Freshwater
Brackish
Marine

Question 8

What are the 3 temperature ranges of fish?

Answer 8

Polar
Temperate
Tropical

Question 9

Why is it very important to reduce stress and damage when handling?

Answer 9

Causes secondary infections

Question 10

If a fish is suspected of an infection, what should be done?

Answer 10

Quarantine for 1-3 month s
Health check a sample of fish
Disinfection vital ,UV sterilisation

Question 11

What are fish used for?

Answer 11

Ornamental
Experiments (2nd most used lab animal)
Aquaculture

Question 12

How can fish be euthanised?

Answer 12

Overdose/rapid chilling if tropical
Co2 saturated water
Decapitation
Blunt force then severe spinal cord

Question 13

What chemical can be used for euthanasia? What environments should this be done in?

Answer 13

Benzocaine

Bucket out of sight, water from system, same temperature

Question 14

What temperature do rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus my kiss) require? What water do they require?

Answer 14

18 degrees
Fast flowing
Aggressive predators

Question 15

Carp are tolerant to a wide temperature range. What water do they require?

Answer 15

Fresh

Question 16

What salinity of water and temperature do sea bass require?

Answer 16

Marine or brackish

12 degrees

Question 17

What water do mudskippers require? What do they require to prevent desiccation?

Answer 17

Brackish - although spend most of time on the beach
Humid environment
Males very aggressive

Question 18

Where does metabolic waste come from in fish?

Answer 18

75% gills

25% urine

Question 19

What happens to faeces and solid wastes as they decay in water? (Fish)

Answer 19

Decay to ammonia

Toxic to fish and clouds the water

Question 20

What are the 3 sections of filtration?

Answer 20

Mechanical
Biological
Chemical

Question 21

What is the purpose of mechanical filtration? Why is this important?

Answer 21

Prevent solid waste

Decomposes to ammonia, decaying uses oxygen, encourages pathogens, clogs the filter and fish girls

Question 22

What bacteria cause mineralisation and decomposition of solid waste in fish tanks? How do they contribute to gunk?

Answer 22

Heterotrophic

Form thick layers themselves which clog the filter

Question 23

What is the purpose of biological filtration?

Answer 23

Encourage growth of autotrophic bacteria

Breakdown toxic nitrogenous waste into harmless form

Question 24

Describe the process of biological filtration of ammonia being converted to nitrates

Answer 24

Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOBs) breakdown toxic ammonia to nitrate
Nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOBs) break down nitrite to nitrate
Nitrate less toxic

Question 25

What do biological filters require?

Answer 25

``` Small amount of ammonia as food source Water Dark - inhibited by light Oxygen for oxidation Clean surface ```

Question 26

Biofilters rarely need cleaning. What is a mucky bio filter the sign of? Why should they not be cleaned with tap water? What else can harm biofilters?

Answer 26

Inadequate mechanical filter Chlorine in tap water kills bacteria Antibiotics

Question 27

What is the purpose of chemical filtration?

Answer 27

Adsorb undesirable substances from water

Question 28

What are 3 examples of the compounds in chemical filters? What do they do?

Answer 28

Carbon granules - remove yellow colour Zeolite - remove ammonia (freshwater only) Phosphate removing granules - prevent algae

Question 29

Why is efficient mechanical filtration important when using chemical filters e.g. activated carbon granules?

Answer 29

Solid waste blocks the pore of the media and prevents access to internal of granules

Question 30

What are the 3 intensiveness systems of fish? Give an example of each

Answer 30

Open - caged environments in rivers, open sea etc Semiclosed - rely on regular clean water to maintain water quality e.g. aquariums and trout raceways Closed - water recycled in the system e.g. most aquariums, ornamental fish