Heart antomy

Question 1

Where are the semilunar valves in the heart?

Answer 1

At the bases of the pulmonary artery

Aorta

Question 2

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves in the heart and which is on which side?

Answer 2

Tricuspid valve = right

Bicusid/mitral valve = left

Question 3

What supports cusps of valves?

Answer 3

Fibrous skeleton

Question 4

What tendons connect the heart valves to the heart? What do they connect them to?

Answer 4

Chordinae tendonae

Connect valve cusps to papillary muscles

Question 5

What muscle do atria contain?

Answer 5

Pectinate muscles

Question 6

What muscles do the ventricles contain?

Answer 6

Trabeculae crane

Question 7

What prevents the electrical pathway going down the walls of the heart?

Answer 7

Annulus fibrosus

Acts as an electrical insulator

Question 8

Where is the septomarginal band located?

Answer 8

Right ventricle

Question 9

What is the electrical pathway of the heart?

Answer 9

Simulated in SAN
Goes to AVN
Down Bundle of His
Down left and right limb to apex of heart
Through ventricular walls and across septomarginal band via Purkinje fibres

Question 10

What are the major blood vessels branching off the aorta?

Answer 10

Brachiocephalic trunk (splits into left common carotid and right subclavian)
Left subclavian artery

Question 11

What 4 major veins drain into the cranial VC?

Answer 11

Cephalic
Jugular
Subclavian
Axillary

Question 12

What 4 major veins drain into the caudal VC?

Answer 12

Hepatic
Iliac
Renal
Testicula/ovarian

Question 13

What is the function of the auricles/atrial appendages?

Answer 13

Increase capacity of atria

Question 14

What is the name of the groove between the ventricles visible on the auricular side of the heart?

Answer 14

Interventricular sulcus

Question 15

What is the name of the groove separating the atria and ventricles?

Answer 15

Coronary sulcus

Question 16

How are the aorta and pulmonary trunk related in terms of embryological origin?

Answer 16

Both arise from the truncus arteriosus

Question 17

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 17

Collection of veins that receive venous blood from the heart muscle

Question 18

The coronary sinus follows into which blood vessel?

Answer 18

Great cardiac vein

Question 19

In the pig and sheep, what vein also drains into the coronary sinus?

Answer 19

Left azygous vein

Question 20

How does the azygous vein differ in pigs, sheep and cows to dogs?

Answer 20

Dogs have no left azygous vein

Question 21

What is found in between the intertatrial septum? What is this a remnant of? What was its function?

Answer 21

Fossa ovalis
Remnant of foramen ovale
Allow oxygenated blood to pass from right to left atria

Question 22

What is the ridge of muscle above the fossa ovalis? What is its function?

Answer 22

Intervenous tubercle

Direct blood from vena cava to the atrioventricular opening

Question 23

What is the embryonic origin of the atria and atrial appendages?

Answer 23

Atrial primordium

Question 24

What is the function of the trabeculae carnae muscles?

Answer 24

Reduce suction/turbulence

Question 25

How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

Where does the left coronary artery run? Where does it arise from?

Answer 26

In the circumferential groove of the caudal aspect of the heart
Caudosinistral sinus

Question 27

Where does the right coronary artery run? Where does this arise from?

Answer 27

In the circumferential groove of the crania aspect of the l heart
Cranial sinus

Question 28

What is the connective tissue remnant of the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 28

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 29

What does the ductus arteriosus do in the foetus?

Answer 29

Allow blood to bypass the lungs