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NCLEX > Fluid and Electrolytes 2 > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes 2 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Magnesium and Calcium act as _____

A

SEDATIVES

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2
Q

Magnesium is excreted by the ____ but it can be lost in other way such as ____/

A

kidneys

Gi tract

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3
Q

NORMAL magnesium lab values

A

1.3-2.1

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4
Q

NORMAL calcium lab values

A

9.0- 10.5

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5
Q

Calcium and _____ have inverse relationship!!

A

Phosphorus

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6
Q

If you want to get mg and ca questions right, think ____ FIRST

A

muscles

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7
Q

causes of hypermagnesemia

A

renal failure

antacids

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8
Q

S/S of hypermagnesemia

A
  1. flushing
  2. warmth
  3. makes you vasodilate
DTR- decrease
Muscle tone- weak, flaccid
arrhythmias- YES
LOC- Decrease
Pulse - Decrease
respirations- Decrease
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9
Q

treatment for hypermagnesemia

A
  • ventilator
  • dialysis
  • calcium gluconate (reverses resp. depression and arrthymias)
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10
Q

How is calcium gluconate administered?

A

IV push very slowly

max rate 1.5-2ml/min

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11
Q

causes for hypercalcemia

A

-hyperparathyroidism (TOO much PTH)
WHYYY?!?
When your serum calcium gets low, PTH kicks in and pulls CA from the BONE and puts it in the blood; therefore, the serum calcium goes UP.
-thiazides (retain calcium)
-immobilization (you have to bear weight to keep CA in the bone)

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12
Q

S/S of hypercalcemia

A
  • bones are brittle

- kidney stones (majority is made of calcium)

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13
Q

Treatment for hypercalcemia

A
  • MOVE
  • Fluids to prevent kidney stones
  • Sodium phosphate
  • Steroids
  • Add phosphorus to diet
  • Must have Vitamin D to use Ca.
  • Calcitonin DECREASES serum Ca
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14
Q

Causes of hypomagnesemia

A
  • diarrhea (lots of Mg in intestines)
  • alcoholism
  • alcohol suppresses ADH & it hypertonic
  • *not eating, drinking
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15
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia

A

-hypoparathyroidism
-radical neck
-thyroidectomy
(NOT ENOUGH PTH for all of these)

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16
Q

s/s of hypo calcemia and hypomagnesemia

A
  • Muscle tone= rigid and tight
  • pt could have seizures
  • stridor/larynogospasm
  • positive chvostek
  • positive trousseau
  • arrhythmias
  • DTR= increase
  • mind changes
  • swallowing problems (esophagus is a smooth muscle)
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17
Q

what is the chvosteks sign?

A

tap check (C is for cheek)

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18
Q

what is trousseaus sign?

A

pump up BP cuff. the hand will hyperflex

if you get a tremor, NOT NORMAL!

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19
Q

treatment for hypomagnesemia?

A
  • give some mg
  • check kidney function (before and during IV mg)
  • seizure precautions
  • eat magnesium
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20
Q

treatment of hypocalcemia?

A
  • vit. d
  • phosphate binder (sevelamer hydrochloride [renagel], calcium acetate [PhosLo]) (makes phos go DOWN, ca go UP)
  • IV ca
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21
Q

What is important to do with IV calcium?

A

GO SLOWLY

make sure patient is on heart monitor!

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22
Q

What do you do if your client reports flushing and sweating when you start IV Mg?

A

STOP THE INFUSION!

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23
Q

Why should you put a patient getting IV calcium on a heart monitor?

Study These Flashcards
A

because it widens the QRS complex.

24
Q

What are some foods that are high in magnesium?

Study These Flashcards
A 
spinach
mustard green
summer squash
broccoli
halibut
turnip greens
pumpkin seeds
peppermint
cucumber
green beans
celery
kale
sunflower seeds
sesame seeds
flax seeds
25
sodium think ____.
neuro changes
26
normal sodium lab values
135-145 meq/l
27
the sodium level in your blood is totally dependent on __.
how much WATER you have in your blood.
28
Hypernatremia =
DEHYDRATION | too much sodium; not enough water
29
causes of hypernatremia
hyperventilation heat stroke diabetes insipidous
30
s/s of hypernatremia
dry mouth thirsty-already dehydrated by the time your thirsty swollen tongue (when severe)
31
treatment for hypernatremia
- restrict sodium - dilute client with fluids (diluting makes sodium go down) - daily weight - I & O - lab work
32
hyponatremia =
DILUTION | too much water; not enough sodium
33
causes of hyponatremia
- drinking water for fluid replacement - psychogenic polydipsia ( loves to drink water) - D5W (sugar and water) - SIADH (retaining water)
34
s/s of hyponatremia
headache seizure coma
35
treatment for hyponatremia
- client needs sodium - client doesnt need water - if having neuro problems, need HYPERTONIC(packed with particles) saline. (3%NS or 5%NS)
36
with patient taking 3%NS or 5% NS, _____.
They will be in an ICU setting!
37
Feeding tube patient tend to get ____.
Dehydrated!!
38
normal potassium lab value
3.5 - 5.0
39
potassium is excreted by ___
the kidneys
40
if the kidneys arent working well, the serum potassium level will go ____ .
UP
41
causes of hyperkalemia
- kidney trouble | - spironolactone (makes you retain potassium)
42
s/s of hyperkalemia
- begins with muscle twitching - then proceeds to weakness - then flaccid paralysis
43
treatment for hyperkalemia
- dialysis; kidneys arent working - calcium gluconate (decreases arrhythmias) - glucose and insulin (insulin carries glucose and potassium into the cell) - sodium polystyrene sulfonate
44
Sodium and potassium are ____.
INVERSE
45
anytime you give IV insulin, worry about ____.
hypoglycemia and hypokalemia
46
causes of hypokalemia
- vomiting - NG suction (we have lots of potassium in our stomach) - Diuretics - not eating
47
s/s of hypokalemia
muscle cramps | weakness
48
life-threatening arrhythmias can happen with __.
HYPO and HYPER kalemia
49
treatment for hypokalemia
- give potassium - spironolactone (makes pt retain potassium) - eat more potassium
50
major problem with oral potassium is?
GI UPSET
51
what should you assess before and during IV potassium?
urinary output
52
always put IV potassium on ___.
a pump
53
never give IV potassium ___.
PUSH. | Mix well!
54
does IV potassium burn during infusion?
YES | use large bore catheter.
55
foods high in potassium?
spinach, fennel, kale, mustard greens, brussels sprouts, broccoli, eggplant, cantaloupe, tomatoes, parsley, cucumber, bell pepper, apricots, ginger root, strawberries, avocado, banana, tuna, halibut, cauliflower, kiwi, oranges, lima beans, potatoes, cabbage.

NCLEX (14 decks)

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