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NCM_103 | Fundamentals of Nursing > Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Internal to and relatively surrounds all the cells in the body

A

Fluid

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2
Q

The intentions

A

Scientific Knowledge Base

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3
Q

Comprises a substantial proportion of body weight

A

Water

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4
Q

60% total body weight in Water

A

Men

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5
Q

Less total body weight in Water

A

Women

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6
Q

Body fluids

A

Fluid Distribution

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7
Q

Fluid Compartments

A

Extracellular Fluid / ECF
Intracellular Fluid / ICF

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8
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

Major Division

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9
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Minor Division

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10
Q

Technically full of electrolytes

A

Composition of Body Fluids

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11
Q

Same tonicity / Concentrated solute

A

Isotonic Solution

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12
Q

More dilute / Low solute

A

Hypotonic Solution

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13
Q

More concentrated / High solute

A

Hypertonic Solution

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14
Q

Movement of Water and Electrolytes

A

Active Transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration

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15
Q

Force of fluid pressing outward against a surface / Water-pushing effect

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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16
Q

Involves blood containing albumin and other proteins

A

Colloids

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17
Q

Force of fluid pressing inward against a surface / Water-pulling effect

A

Oncotic Pressure

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18
Q

Water portion of the fluids

A

Solvent

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19
Q

Particles dissolved in water

A

Solutes

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20
Q

Measure in osmoles / 1L of water / 275-295 mOsm/L

A

Osmolarity

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21
Q

Number of osmoles / kg of water / 275-295 mOsm/kg

A

Osmolality

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22
Q

Orally through drinking and eating too

A

Fluid Intake

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23
Q

Among various components

A

Fluid Distribution

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24
Q

Across the skin, lungs, GI tract, and kidneys

A

Fluid Output

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25
Regulates osmolality of the body fluids
Antidiuretic Hormone
26
Regulates ECF volume through sodium and water excreted in urine upon blood pressure
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Hormone
27
Regulates ECV through sodium and water excreted in urine upon hormones
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
28
Regulation of Body Fluids
Thirst Mechanism Fluid Output Hormonal Regulation Lymphatic System
29
Other factors affecting intake and output
Fluid Intake
30
Insufficient isotonic fluid in the Extracellular Fluid Compartment
Extracellular Volume Deficit
31
Too much isotonic fluid in the Extracellular Fluid Compartment
Extracellular Volume Excess
32
Water deficit
Hypernatremia
33
Water excess
Hyponatremia
34
Overall combination of Extracellular Volume Deficit and Hypernatremia
Clinical Dehydration
35
Best way to monitor fluid status
Daily Weights
36
Electrolyte Homeostasis
Electrolyte Intake and Absorption Electrolyte Distribution Electrolyte Output
37
Low potassium
Hypokalemia
38
High potassium
Hyperkalemia
39
Low calcium
Hypocalcemia
40
High calcium
Hypercalcemia
41
Low magnesium
Hypomagnesemia
42
High magnesium
Hypermagnesemia
43
For optimal cell function of the body.
Acid Base-Balance
44
The factors
Nursing Knowledge Base
45
Monitor and nurture a patient’s acid-base balance
Arterial Blood Gases / ABGs
46
Acid Production
Carbonic Acid Metabolic Acid
47
Maintenance of normal pH body fluids
Acid Buffering
48
Acid Excretion
Lungs Kidneys
49
From alveolar hypoventilation
Respiratory Acidosis
50
From alveolar hypoventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
51
Increased metabolic acid or bicarbonate
Metabolic Acidosis
52
Decreased HCO3 or metabolic acid
Metabolic Alkalosis
53
Determination of a patient’s needs, values, and preferences
Through the Patient’s Eyes
54
Age / Environment / Dietary Intake / Alcohol Intake / Medications
Nursing History
55
Recent Surgery / Gastrointestinal Output / Acute Illness or Trauma
Medical History
56
Daily Weights / Fluid Intake and Output Measurement
Physical Assessment
57
Serum Electrolytes / Urine Osmolality / Urine Specific Gravity / ABG Analysis
Laboratory Values
58
Cations (+) / Anions (-)
Electrolytes
59
Serum Value 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium
60
Serum Value 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Potassium
61
Serum Value 4.3-5.3 mEq/L
Calcium
62
Serum Value 1.5-1.9 mEq/L
Magnesium
63
Serum Value 1.8-2.6 mEq/L
Phosphorus
64
Normal Acid-Base Balance
pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 35-45 mmHg PaO2 80-100 mmHg HCO3 22-26 mEq/L
65
Enteral Replacement of Fluids / Restriction of Fluids / Parenteral Replacement of Fluids and Electrolytes
Acute Care
66
Crystalloids
Intravenous Therapy
67
Blood
Blood Transfusion
68
Home Intravenous Therapy / Nutrition Support / Medication Safety
Restorative Care

NCM_103 | Fundamentals of Nursing (11 decks)

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