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NCM_103 > Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Internal to and relatively surrounds all the cells in the body

A

Fluid

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2
Q

The intentions

A

Scientific Knowledge Base

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3
Q

Comprises a substantial proportion of body weight

A

Water

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4
Q

60% total body weight in Water

A

Men

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5
Q

Less total body weight in Water

A

Women

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6
Q

Body fluids

A

Fluid Distribution

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7
Q

Fluid Compartments

A

Extracellular Fluid / ECF
Intracellular Fluid / ICF

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8
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

Major Division

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9
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Minor Division

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10
Q

Technically full of electrolytes

A

Composition of Body Fluids

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11
Q

Same tonicity / Concentrated solute

A

Isotonic Solution

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12
Q

More dilute / Low solute

A

Hypotonic Solution

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13
Q

More concentrated / High solute

A

Hypertonic Solution

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14
Q

Movement of Water and Electrolytes

A

Active Transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration

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15
Q

Force of fluid pressing outward against a surface / Water-pushing effect

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

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16
Q

Involves blood containing albumin and other proteins

A

Colloids

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17
Q

Force of fluid pressing inward against a surface / Water-pulling effect

A

Oncotic Pressure

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18
Q

Water portion of the fluids

A

Solvent

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19
Q

Particles dissolved in water

A

Solutes

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20
Q

Measure in osmoles / 1L of water / 275-295 mOsm/L

A

Osmolarity

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21
Q

Number of osmoles / kg of water / 275-295 mOsm/kg

A

Osmolality

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22
Q

Orally through drinking and eating too

A

Fluid Intake

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23
Q

Among various components

A

Fluid Distribution

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24
Q

Across the skin, lungs, GI tract, and kidneys

A

Fluid Output

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25
Q

Regulates osmolality of the body fluids

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

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26
Q

Regulates ECF volume through sodium and water excreted in urine upon blood pressure

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Hormone

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27
Q

Regulates ECV through sodium and water excreted in urine upon hormones

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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28
Q

Regulation of Body Fluids

A

Thirst Mechanism
Fluid Output
Hormonal Regulation
Lymphatic System

29
Q

Other factors affecting intake and output

A

Fluid Intake

30
Q

Insufficient isotonic fluid in the Extracellular Fluid Compartment

A

Extracellular Volume Deficit

31
Q

Too much isotonic fluid in the Extracellular Fluid Compartment

A

Extracellular Volume Excess

32
Q

Water deficit

A

Hypernatremia

33
Q

Water excess

A

Hyponatremia

34
Q

Overall combination of Extracellular Volume Deficit and Hypernatremia

A

Clinical Dehydration

35
Q

Best way to monitor fluid status

A

Daily Weights

36
Q

Electrolyte Homeostasis

A

Electrolyte Intake and Absorption
Electrolyte Distribution
Electrolyte Output

37
Q

Low potassium

A

Hypokalemia

38
Q

High potassium

A

Hyperkalemia

39
Q

Low calcium

A

Hypocalcemia

40
Q

High calcium

A

Hypercalcemia

41
Q

Low magnesium

A

Hypomagnesemia

42
Q

High magnesium

A

Hypermagnesemia

43
Q

For optimal cell function of the body.

A

Acid Base-Balance

44
Q

The factors

A

Nursing Knowledge Base

45
Q

Monitor and nurture a patient’s acid-base balance

A

Arterial Blood Gases / ABGs

46
Q

Acid Production

A

Carbonic Acid
Metabolic Acid

47
Q

Maintenance of normal pH body fluids

A

Acid Buffering

48
Q

Acid Excretion

A

Lungs
Kidneys

49
Q

From alveolar hypoventilation

A

Respiratory Acidosis

50
Q

From alveolar hypoventilation

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

51
Q

Increased metabolic acid or bicarbonate

A

Metabolic Acidosis

52
Q

Decreased HCO3 or metabolic acid

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

53
Q

Determination of a patient’s needs, values, and preferences

A

Through the Patient’s Eyes

54
Q

Age / Environment / Dietary Intake / Alcohol Intake / Medications

A

Nursing History

55
Q

Recent Surgery / Gastrointestinal Output / Acute Illness or Trauma

A

Medical History

56
Q

Daily Weights / Fluid Intake and Output Measurement

A

Physical Assessment

57
Q

Serum Electrolytes / Urine Osmolality / Urine Specific Gravity / ABG Analysis

A

Laboratory Values

58
Q

Cations (+) / Anions (-)

A

Electrolytes

59
Q

Serum Value 135-145 mEq/L

A

Sodium

60
Q

Serum Value 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

A

Potassium

61
Q

Serum Value 4.3-5.3 mEq/L

A

Calcium

62
Q

Serum Value 1.5-1.9 mEq/L

A

Magnesium

63
Q

Serum Value 1.8-2.6 mEq/L

A

Phosphorus

64
Q

Normal Acid-Base Balance

A

pH 7.35-7.45
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
PaO2 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 22-26 mEq/L

65
Q

Enteral Replacement of Fluids / Restriction of Fluids / Parenteral Replacement of Fluids and Electrolytes

A

Acute Care

66
Q

Crystalloids

A

Intravenous Therapy

67
Q

Blood

A

Blood Transfusion

68
Q

Home Intravenous Therapy / Nutrition Support / Medication Safety

A

Restorative Care

NCM_103 (11 decks)

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