fluids

Question 1

approx maintenance IV water?

Answer 1

25-30 ml/kg/ day

Question 2

approx maintenance potassium ?

Answer 2

1 mmol/ kg/ day

Question 3

approx maintenance sodium ?

Answer 3

1 mmol/ kg/ day

Question 4

approx maintenence chloride?

Answer 4

1 mmol/ kg/ day

Question 5

approx maintenence glucose?

Answer 5

50- 100g/ day e.g. 5% glucose 100ml contains 5g per day

Question 6

Instability
-falls
-congentration + cognitive decline
-headache
-drowsy

what electrolyte abnormality may this be?

Answer 6

hyponatramia

Question 7

drugs causing hyponatramia?

Answer 7

thiazide diuretics (indapamide)
loop diuretics (furesomide)
Sertraline
Antiepileptics
ACEI/ ARBs
PPIs

Question 8

management of hyponatramia?

Answer 8

hypervolaemic= fluid restrict

hypovolaemic= hypertonic saline

Question 9

management of hypernatramia?

Answer 9

no evidence of dehydration= hypotonic fluid e.g. 0.45% sodium chloride + glucose

dehydration= normal 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 10

management of hypercalcaemia?

Answer 10

fluids
biphosphonates

Question 11

mofa thiazide diuretics

Answer 11

inhibit NaCl symptorter

-in distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

hypertension drug given that causes hypercalcaemia

Answer 12

thiazide diuretics
-e.g. indapamide

Question 13

SE thiazide diuretics?

Answer 13

hyponatramia
hypokalaemia
hypercalcaemia

postural hypotension
gout

Question 14

electrolyte abnormalities Addisons

Answer 14

hyponotramia
hyperkalaemia
hypoglycaemia
hypercalcaemia

Question 15

mechanism of action loop diuretics

Answer 15

inhibit the Na K Cl in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle

Question 16

SE loop diuretics

Answer 16

hypokalaemia
hyponatramia
hypomagnasaemia
hypocalcaemia

Question 17

mofa spironolactone

Answer 17

aldosterone antagonist

acts in the collecting ducts

Question 18

SE aldosterone antagonists

Answer 18

hyperkalaemia

spironolacotne- gynaecomastia