Fluids and electrolytes Flashcards

Question

Where it is in the body?

Answer 1

2 major fluid compartments in the body intracellular (ICF 28LP) extracellular (ECF 14L)

Answer 2

intravascular intersitital lymph transcellular

Answer 3

substances dissolved in solution

Answer 4

Urea, glucose, creatinine, protein

Answer 5

– Substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in water – Positively charged ion – cation (K+, Na+, Ca2+, H+) – Negatively charges ion – anion (Cl-, HCO3, PO43-)

Answer 6

Osmosis and Diffusion & Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 7

Osmotic Pressure (no net energy use)

Answer 8

power of solution to draw H2O through selectively permeable membrane Higher solute concentration exerts higher osmotic pressure Expressed as either osmolality or osmolarity

Answer 9

Filtration pressure (no net energy use): Hydrostatic pressure Oncotic pressure albumin pressure

Answer 10

key plasma protein creating osmotic pull

Answer 11

pressure in compartment that results in movement of fluid and solutes – made up of the net of next 2 pressures..

Answer 12

pressure exerted by fluid within a closed system on the walls of container in which it is in. Or “push

Answer 13

By proteins Or “pull”

Answer 14

Refers to osmolality of a solution Isotonic: Hypertonic: Hypotonic:

Answer 15

same osmolality of body fluids. NS (0.9%NaCl) RL

Answer 16

higher osmolality than body fluids. D5NS, 3%NaCl, D5, RL

Answer 17

lower osmolality than body fluids. H2O, 1/2NS (0.45%NaCl)

Answer 18

endocrine system – CV – lungs

Answer 19

kidneys – primary regulator of fluids and electrolytes – by regulating H2O and lyte excretion. – big role in acid-base balance by excreting H+ & retaining HCO3

Answer 20

GI system – Hormones

Answer 21

Hypovolemia * Hypervolemia

Answer 22

Dehydration – water loss without ‘lyte loss * Over hydration – water intoxication - more water than ‘lytes. Low serum osmolality and low Na levels

Answer 23

Osmolality: determined by total solute concentration within a fluid compartment.

Answer 24

Na+ biggest determinant of serum osmolality. – K+ glucose, & urea determine osmolality of ICF. – Plasma proteins: cause colloid or osmotic pressure

Answer 25

H2+O- & Na+Cl- into soln of free ions+ Na+ attracted to O- Cl- attracted to H2+

Answer 26

Most ‘lytes come from dietary intake & are excreted in urine. – Na+ & Cl not stored-must be consumed daily. – K+ & Ca+ are stored in cells and bones.

Answer 27

Na+: 135-145mEq/L * Major ECF cation * Major functions: – Water balance – Transmission of nerve impulses * N for Neuro * Tx ?

Answer 28

K+: 3.5-5.0mEq/L * Major cation of ICF * Major function: – Electrical conduction of nerve impulses-cardiac conduction – Cell metabolism (glycogen & glucose) * Body more sensitive to small changes in serum K+ than other electrolytes * K for Kardiac ! * Tx ?

Answer 29

Active transport (energy used) * is important in maintaining differences in Na+ & K+ – Usually Na+ concn are higher in ECF and K + is higher in ICF. – To maintain this, the Na+ K+ pump is activated, moving Na+ from cells and K+ into cells.

Answer 30

Ca++: 8.5-10.5 mg/dl * Major functions: 1% in ECF – Normal skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, & cardiac muscle contraction; blood clotting * In through diet. Needs Vit. D. to be absorbed

Answer 31

HPO42-: 1.6 – 2.9 mEq/L * Major functions: – Forms bones and teeth – Metabolises carbs, protein, & fat – Cellular metabolism: ATP and DNA – Muscle, nerve, and RBC function – Acid-Base balance – Regulates Ca levels

Answer 32

Mg: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L * Major functions: – Operating Na-K pump-use of ATP (energy) – Relaxing muscle contractions – Transmitting nerve impulses – Regulates cardiac function – Blood clotting – Protein & DNA synthesis

Answer 33

Primary function: – Acid-Base balance: essential part of carbonic acid- bicarbonate buffering system. * ECF regulated by kidneys. Kidneys regenerate and reabsorb if needed.

Answer 34

Age: – Elderly: thirst response blunted. – Nephrons less able to conserve water – Increased risk of dehydration. – Increased likelihood of heart diseases, impaired RF, multiple meds. * Gender/Body Size: – Fat cells have no H2O. – Women have more fat = less body water.

Answer 35

Environmental Temp: – Illness and strenuous activity – Salt and water lost with sweating * Lifestyle: – Smoking, ETOH ... * Diet: – anorexia, bulimia, malnourishment-low albumin, edema, acidosis * Exercise: – weight-bearing-Ca balance * Stress: – increased cellular metabolism

Answer 36

Output: – urinary, vomitus, liquid faeces, tube drainage, wound drainage * Can be totaled at end of shift (8-12 hours). Then added and totaled at 24 hours * Labs: – electrolytes, FBC, haematocrit, albumin, osmolality, urine pH, urine specific gravity, ABGs, 24o urine (GFR)

Answer 37

Many are essential minerals * They control osmosis of water between compartments. * They help maintain the acid-base balance required for normal cellular activities * They carry electrical current, which allows production of action potentials and graded potentials and controls secretion of some hormones and neurotransmitters.

Answer 38

Blood transfusions: – affect O2 carrying capacity of blood. * Blood groups: A,B,AB,O * Rh factor * Typing and Crossmatching: – Type: ABO & Rh factor; Xmatch: antigens * Blood always given with NS hanging too

Answer 39

Colloids – Albumin, FFP – Plasma protein fraction * Colloid Substitutes – Dextran – Hetastarch * Blood Transfusions – Packed Red Blood Cells – Whole Blood

Fluids and electrolytes Flashcards

(65 cards)