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FOOD TECHNOLOGY > FMB - Lecture 3 > Flashcards

FMB - Lecture 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The science of the classification of organisms, with the goal of showing evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A

Bacterial Taxonomy

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2
Q

Bacterial Taxonomy includes:

A
  1. Classification
  2. Nomenclature
  3. Identification
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3
Q

The orderly arrangement of units.

A

Classification

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4
Q

Naming of units.

A

Nomenclature

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5
Q

Unit of classification through classification and nomenclature.

A

Identification

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6
Q

Swedish botanist and the father of taxonomy.

A

Carolus Linneaus

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7
Q

Produced an extensive system of classification for both plants and animals. (started specifically in flowers).

A

Carolus Linneaus

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8
Q

He created systema naturae.

A

Carolus Linneaus

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9
Q
  • Greek philosopher and biologist
  • First to classify organisms according to their structural similarities.
  • Developed the 1st widely accepted system of Biological classification
A

Aristotle

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10
Q

He created the 2 kingdom system.

A

Aristotle

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11
Q

Can prepare their own foods.

A

Autotrophs - Plantae

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12
Q

The are after the autotrophs and cannot prepare their own food.

A

Heterotrophs - Animalia

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13
Q

The great chain of being by Aristotle.

A

Two kingdom system

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14
Q

PLANTAE

A
  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria
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15
Q

ANIMALIA

A
  • Porifera
  • Mollusca
  • Chordata
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16
Q

He did not clear prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

A

Ernst Hackel

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17
Q

He created the three kingdom system.

A

Ernst Hackel

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18
Q

Living being are classified on the basis of unicellularity and multicellurity in ______ kingdoms.

A

Three Kingdom System

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19
Q

THREE KINGDOM SYSTEM

A
  • Protista
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
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20
Q

To describe bacteria.

A

Procariotique

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21
Q

To describe animal and plant cells.

A

Eucariotique

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22
Q

He classified prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

A

Edouard Chatton

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23
Q

He created the four kingdom system.

A

Herbert Copeland

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24
Q

The two super kingdom in four kingdom system.

A
  • Prokaryota
  • Eukaryota
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25
The four kingdom in four kingdom system.
- Monera - Protista - Animalia - Plantae
26
He created the five kingdom classification system.
Robert Whittaker
27
The levels of the cellular organization in five kingdom classification system are:
prokaryotic, unicellular eukaryotic, and multicellular eukaryotic.
28
The principal modes of nutrition in five kingdom classification system are:
photosynthesis, absorption, and ingestion.
29
He created the three domain classification system.
Carl Woese
30
The three domain in three domain classification system.
- Bacteria - Archaea - Eucaryota
31
This has pseudopeptidoglycan, and more related to eukaryotes. They also share common ancestors.
Archaea
32
Loves extreme environment and does nt have effects on foods.
Archaea
33
Taxonomic ranks or levels in ascending order.
Species - E. coli Genus - Escherichia Family - Enterobacteriaceae Order - Enterobacteriales Class - y-Proteobacteria Phylum - Proteobacteria Domain - Bacteria
34
Three characteristics used in Bacterial Taxonomy.
1. Conventional Classification 2. Numerical Classification 3. Phylogenetic Classification
35
This is to observe and analyse genetic. Examples of this are cell shape, cell size, colonial morphology, and staining behavior.
Convention Classification
36
- Numerical Taxonomy. - The used of dendogram.
Numerical Classification
37
Evolutionary relationship/arrangement of species.
Phylogenetic Classification
38
Molecular methods under genetic homology are:
- Base composition (GC ratio) - Nucleic acid hybridization - Ribosomal RNA sequence analysis - Protein profiles and amino acid sequences
39
Diagram representing a particular three. Illustrates arrangements of clusters.
Dendogram
40
́Assigns each organism two names.
́Binomial Nomenclature
41
They govern one of the nomenclature codes for biology.
ICNB - International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria or also known as Bacteriological Code (BC)
42
Identification includes this where 2 choices are given.
́Dichotomous key
43
Under Dichotomous key are:
- Cellular morphology - Stain - Motility - Growth - Biochemical - Serological - Analysis of products
44
It contains 12 agar.
EnteroPluri-Test / Enterotube
45
It is used to classify bacteria based on their structural and functional attributes by arranging them into specific familial orders.
Bergey’s Manual
46
He created the Bergey’s Manual.
David Hendricks Bergey
47
Classifies bacteria via evolutionary or genetic relationships.
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
48
Classifies bacteria by cell wall composition, morphology, biochemical tests, differential staining, etc.
Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology
49
They are prokaryotes with 70s ribosomes and it contains peptidoglycan cell walls.
Bacteria
50
For energy, they use organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, or photosynthesis.
Bacteria
51
For reproduction they are Vegetative, Sexual, and Asexual.
Bacteria
52
They are eukaryotes with 80s ribosomes.
Fungi
53
Fungi have this on their cell walls.
Chitin
54
1. Yeasts are ___________ 2. Molds and mushrooms are ___________
1. unicellular 2. multicellular
55
For reproduction they are sexual and asexual. And uses organic chemicals for energy.
Fungi
56
Three common types of fungi:
1. Rhizopus (bread molds) 2. Aspergillus 3. Penicillum
57
They are eukaryotes and absorbs of ingest organic chemicals.
Protozoa
58
́May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella
Protozoa
59
_________ can reproduce sexually or asexually
Protozoa
60
The host of virus are __________
Bacteria
61
They are acellular and consist of DNA and RNA core.
Virus
62
Core is surrounded by protein coat. Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope.
Virus
63
___________ are replicated only when they are in a living host cell.
Virus
64
Viruses contains:
Viroids - RNA Prions - Proteins
65
Examples of Virus:
Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis E virus Norovirus Nipah Virus
66
Primary Sources of Microorganism found in foods are:
- Soil - Water - Air - Food - Handlers - Utensils and equipment - Cross contamination
67
* spore forming bacteria * fecal microorganisms
Soil
68
* fecal microorganisms
Water and Food
69
* conveyer of microorganisms
Air
70
* coliforms * Staphylococcus aureus
Handlers
71
First to classify organisms according to their structural similarities.
Aristotle
72
Developed the 1st widely accepted system of biological classification.
Aristotle
73
Does not have murein/peptidoglycan on cell wall.
Archaebacteria

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