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MSCT > Follicular Disorders > Flashcards

Follicular Disorders Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Acne age

A

Usually between 11-30 years old, typical onset in adolescence

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2
Q

Acne long term effects

A

Permanent scarring, psychosocial withdrawals, decreased quality of life

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3
Q

Acne pathogenesis

A

Pilosebaceous unit obstruction, increased sebum production (hormonal influence), bacterial proliferation, inflammation

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4
Q

Acne triggers

A

Stres, hormonal fluctuation/menses, mechanical/occlusion, medications, pathologic androgen excess, diet

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5
Q

Acne stages - mild

A

Normal, open comedo (blackhead)

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6
Q

Acne stages - moderate

A

Closed comedo (whitehead), papule

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7
Q

Acne stages - severe

A

Pustule

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8
Q

Acne lesion types - active

A

Microcomedone, open comedone (blackhead), closed comedone (whitehead), papule, pustule, nodule/cyst/sinus tract

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9
Q

Acne lesion types - sequelae

A

Dypigmentation (post inflammatory hyperpigmentation), scarring (hypertrophic/keloidal, atrophic/pitting/ice pick)

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10
Q

Acne categorizing

A

Mild, moderate, severe, comedonal, inflammatory, nodulocystic, hormonal, with or without scarring, truncal involvement, impact on quality of life

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11
Q

Acne conglobata and acne fulminans morphology

A

Severe presentation, multiple connecting sinuses/tract, scarring

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12
Q

Acne conglobata and acne fulminans age

A

Usually teen males

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13
Q

Acne conglobata and acne fulminans associated diseases

A

May have systemic symptoms/body pain, associated auto inflammatory syndromes - pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, cystic acne, hidradenitis suppuritiva

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14
Q

Acne conglobata and acne fulminans treatment

A

Very aggressive and needs referral

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15
Q

Acne excoriee definition

A

“Factitial dermatitis”, exogenous manipulation

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16
Q

Acne excoriee associated disease

A

Anxiety, OCD, body dysmorphic issues

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17
Q

Acne excoriee treatment

A

Topicals, recognize behavior and refer to behavioral health

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18
Q

Acne treatment - mild comedonal

A

Topical retinoid, salicylic acid, maybe benzoyl peroxide

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19
Q

Acne treatment - mild inflammatory or mixed

A

Combo topical therapy: benzoyl peroxide, antibiotic, retinoid

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20
Q

Acne treatment - moderate inflammatory or mixed

A

Benzoyl peroxide, antibiotic, retinoid, oral antibiotic, maybe hormonal treatment

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21
Q

Acne treatment - severe inflammatory or mixed

A

Benzoyl peroxide, antibiotic, retinoid, oral antibiotic, hormonal or isotretinoin treatment

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22
Q

Acne treatment - hormonal

A

OCP/spironolactone with or without topicals

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23
Q

Acne treatment - nodulocystic

A

Isotrentinoin or other

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24
Q

Postinflammatory dyspigmentation definition

A

Increased melanin deposition within epidermis, possibly worsened by sun exposure

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25
Postinflammatory dyspigmentation treatment
Salicylic acid gel/cleanser, retinoids, azelaic acid, non-comedogenic sunscreen, cosmetic treatments if persistent
26
Acne scarring types
Atrophic (ice pick/box car), hypertrophic (keloidal)
27
Acne scarring treatments
Retinoids, IL steroid injections for hypertrophic, cosmetic procedures if persistent
28
Neonatal acne morphology
Papule, pustules, no comedones
29
Neonatal acne age
First weeks-months of life
30
Neonatal acne causes
Possibly maternal hormonal influence or hypersensitivity to Malessezia species
31
Neonatal acne treatment
No treatment required
32
Infantile acne morphology
Comedones, papules, pustules, maybe nodulocysts
33
Infantile acne age
3-6 months old
34
Infantile acne causes
Possibly transient adrenal/gonadal androgen production
35
Infantile acne treatment
Like teen acne, start with topicals, refer for further treatment
36
Childhood acne morphology
More persistant/severe than infantile, comedones, papule, pustules, maybe nodulocysts
37
Childhood acne age
6 months or older
38
Childhood acne treatment
Like teen acne, start with topicals, usually need oral medications
39
Childhood acne 2-7 years old
Endocrine referral necessary if severe, X-ray for bone age, look at DHEAS, testosterone, 17OH progesterone, LH, FSH, prolactin
40
Hidradenitis suppuritiva definition
Chronic acneiform inflammatory condition
41
Hidradenitis suppuritiva morphology
Painful, draining sinuses on body folds
42
Hidradenitis suppuritiva age
Pubertal or adults
43
Hidradenitis suppuritiva treatment
Similar to severe inflammatory acne
44
Folliculitis definition
Inflamed hair follicles where they are most dense (scalp, neck, chest, back, groin) with or without infection
45
Folliculitis morphology
Follicularly-centered papule or pustules, can be itchy or painful, can be exacerbated in areas of occlusion or friction
46
Folliculitis causes
Pseudomonas, pseudofolliculitis barba (razor bumps), tinea (barber's itch)
47
Hair growth steps
Anagen, catagen, telogen, return to anagen
48
Alopecia definition
Hair loss, disruption in normal hair cycle
49
Alopecia subtypes - loss or decreased development
Areata, androgenetic, trichotillomania, inflammatory/scarring, genetic
50
Alopecia subtypes - shedding
Telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium
51
Alopecia areata definition
Localized (scalp) autoimmune phenomenon that may be associated with other autoimmune conditions
52
Alopecia areata morphology
Geometric, clean patterning, totalis (whole scalp) or universalis (whole body)
53
Androgenic alopecia - male pattern
Distinct patterning, higher 5-alpha reductase level, lower testosterone, higher free androgens, hair follicle diminishes and produces less
54
Androgenic alopecia - female pattern
Hair follicle diminishes and produces less, diffuse thinning or part thickening
55
Trichotillomania
Hair pulling behavior disorder, OCD spectrum, possible anxiety/depression
56
Anagen effluvium
Insult to hair follicle impairing mitotic activity, diffuse shedding of actively growing hairs
57
Telogen effluvium
Abrupt shift occurs so all telogens are in phase, postpartum, illness or stress induced, diffuse shedding all at once of resting hair, spontaneous regrowth
58
Acne histology
Dilated hair follicles with keratin debris, open for blackheads, closed for whiteheads, inflammatory cells may be present
59
Hidradenitis suppurativa histology
Increased inflammatory cells in the follicle, hyperkeratosis, no/few/small sebaceous glands, inflammation, draining sinuses leave tracts of excess secretion
60
Folliculitis histology
Increased inflammation, increased neutrophils, disruption or breaking of hair follicle
61
Alopecia areata histology
Increased inflammation centered on the hair bulb, increased lymphocytes attacking hair bulb
62
Androgenetic alopecia histology
Hair follicles decrease in size until they disappear, hair bulbs now in the dermis layer, sebaceous glands still present

MSCT (28 decks)

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