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MSCT > Upper Limb I > Flashcards

Upper Limb I Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Three types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilagenous, synovial

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

permit little or no movement, consist of two bones joined by dense CT, ex: sutures of the skull

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3
Q

Cartilagenous joints

A

permit slight amounts of movement, consist of two bones joined by fibrocartilaginous disks between articular surfaces, ex: intervertebral joints

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4
Q

Synovial joints

A

permit the greatest degree of movement, consist of two bones separated by a CT capsule and associated ligaments, ex: shoulder, knee

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5
Q

Components of a synovial joint

A

Synovial cavity, articular capsule, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, intima, synovial fluid, subintima, extrinsic ligaments, intrinsic ligaments, bones, muscles, tendons

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6
Q

Joints of the shoulder

A

Acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, sternoclavicular joint, and scapulothoracic joint

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint

A

Articulation: head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Movements: arm flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation

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8
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Articulation: clavicle and sternum
Movements: relatively immobile, allow for gliding type of motion

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9
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Articulation: clavicle and acromion process
Movements: relatively immobile, allow for a gliding motion

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10
Q

Scapulothoracic “joint”

A

Articulation: anterior surface of scapula and posterior/lateral thoracic wall
Movements: more of a functional joint, scapula elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, upward, downward

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11
Q

Static stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint

A

Capsule and its associated ligaments

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12
Q

Dynamic stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint

A

The muscles of the rotator cuff

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13
Q

Muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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14
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Movements: initiates and assists with abducting the arm
Nerve: suprascapular nerve

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15
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Movements: external rotation, abduction, adduction of the arm
Nerve: suprascapular

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16
Q

Subscapularis

A

Movements: internal rotation of the arm
Nerves: upper and lower subscapularis nerves

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17
Q

Teres minor

A

Movements: external rotation and adduction of the arm
Nerve: axillary nerve

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18
Q

Ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Glenoid labrum, glenohumeral ligaments

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19
Q

Ligaments of the AC joint

A

Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligaments

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20
Q

Shoulder dislocation

A

Disarticulation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid

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21
Q

Shoulder separation

A

Disarticulation of the clavicle and acromion, can be classified as one of three grades (I-III)

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22
Q

Compartments of the arm

A

Anterior and posterior compartments, separated by the medial and lateral intermuscular septum

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23
Q

Anterior compartment of the arm

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Movements: flexion of arm and forearm, supination of the hand
Nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
Blood supply: brachial artery

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24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Movements: flexion of arm and forearm, supination of hand
Nerve: musculocutaneous

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25
Brachialis
Movement: flexion of forearm Nerve: musculocutaneous
26
Coracobrachialis
Movement: flexes arm Nerve: musculocutaneous
27
Posterior compartment of the arm
Muscle: triceps brachii Movements: extend the arm and forearm Nerve: radial nerve Blood: deep brachial artery
28
Triceps brachii
Movement: extension of arm and forearm Nerve: radial
29
Forearm
Bones: radius and ulna Joints: elbow and wrist
30
Elbow joint
Articulation: trochlear notch of the ulna with the trochlea of the humerus, and the head of the radius with the capitulum of the humerus Movements: flexion and extension of the forearm
31
Wrist/radiocarpal joint
Articulation: distal radius and proximal carpal bones (scaphoid and lunate) Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of the hand
32
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints
Articulation: radius and ulna Movements: pronation and supination of the hand
33
Compartments of the forearm
Anterior and posterior, separated by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna and the medial and lateral intermuscular septum
34
Anterior compartment of the forearm
Muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quandratus Movements: flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation, abduction, adduction of the hand Nerves: median nerve (for all but flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), ulnar nerve (for the two mentioned before) Blood: radial and ulnar arteries
35
Posterior compartment of the forearm
Muscles: extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and supinator Movements: extension of the wrist and digits, supination of the hand, extension and abduction of the thumb Nerve: radial nerve Blood: radial and ulnar arteries
36
Pronator teres
Movement: pronation of the hand Nerve: median
37
Flexor carpi radialis
Movements: flexion and abduction of the hand Nerve: Median
38
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Movement: flexion and adduction of the hand Nerve: Ulnar
39
Palmaris longus
Movement: flexion of the hand Nerve: Median
40
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Movements: flexion of hand, MP and PIP joints Nerve: median
41
Flexor pollicis longus
Movement: flexion of thumb Nerve: median (anterior interosseous)
42
Flexor digitorum profundus
Movement: flexion of hand, MP, PIP, and DIP joints Nerve: median (to medial half), ulnar (to ulnar half)
43
Pronator quadratus
Movement: pronation of hand Nerve: median
44
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Movement: extension and adduction of hand Nerve: radial
45
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Movements: extension and abduction of hand Nerve: radial
46
Extensor digitorum
Movement: extension of hand and fingers Nerve: radial
47
Extensor digiti minimi
Movement: extension of little finger Nerve: radial
48
Extensor indicis
Movement: extension of index finger Nerve: radial
49
Abductor pollicis longus
Movement: abduction of thumb Nerve: radial
50
Extensor pollicis longus
Movement: extension of thumb Nerve: radial
51
Extensor pollicis brevis
Movement: extension of thumb Nerve: radial
52
Supinator
Movement: supination of hand Nerve: radial
53
Joints of the wrist, hand and digits
Radiocarpal joint, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
54
Carpometacarpal joints
Articulation: proximal metacarpals and distal carpal bones Movement: relatively immovable
55
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Articulation: distal metacarpals and proximal phalanx Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction of the digits
56
Proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
Articulation: proximal and middle phalanx, and middle and distal phalanx of the 4 fingers Movement: flexion and extension of middle and distal phalanx
57
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
Organized into superficial and deep layers, has both of its attachments in the hand
58
Superficial muscles of the hand
Muscles: 3 muscles that form the thenar pad at the base of the thumb (abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis), 3 muscles that form the hypothenar pad at the base of the little finger (abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi), the 4 lumbricals, adductor pollicis Movements: flexion, opposition and abduction of the thumb, little finger, flexion of the MP joint, extension of the IP joints, adduction of the thumb, Nerves: ulnar (all except the lateral 2 lumbricals and the 3 thenar muscles), median (previously mentioned muscles) Blood: branches of radial and ulnar arteries via a superficial palmar arch
59
Deep muscles of the hand
Muscles: palmar interossei (3) and dorsal interrossei (4) Movements: adduction and abduction of the fingers Nerve: ulnar Blood: branches of the radial and ulnar arteries via a deep palmar arch
60
Abductor pollicis brevis
Movement: abduction of the thumb Nerve: median
61
Flexor pollicis brevis
Movement: flexion of the thumb Nerve: median
62
Opponens pollicis
Movement: opposition of the thumb Nerve: median
63
Abductor digiti minimi
Movement: abducts little finger Nerve: ulnar
64
Flexor digiti minimi
Movement: flexion of the little finger Nerve: ulnar
65
Opponens digiti minimi
Movement: opposition of the little finger Nerve: ulnar
66
Lateral lumbricals (1-2)
Movements: flexion of MP joints, extension of IP joints Nerve: median
67
Medial lumbricals (3-4)
Movements: flexion of MP joint, extension of IP joints Nerve: ulnar
68
Adductor pollicis
Movement: adduction of thumb Nerve: ulnar
69
Palmar interossei
Movement: adduction of fingers Nerve: ulnar
70
Dorsal interossei
Movement: abduction of the fingers Nerve: ulnar
71
Organization of the upper limb
Shoulder - where the upper limb attaches to the trunk (scapula, clavicle, proximal end of the humerus) Arm - between shoulder and elbow joint (humerus) Forearm - between elbow joint and wrist joint (ulna and radius) Hand and digits - distal to wrist joint (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges)
72
Function of the upper limb
Position the hand in space for use as a mechanical and sensory tool

MSCT (28 decks)

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