Food

Question 1

Living organisms need food for

Answer 1

1) Energy

2) Growth and Repair

Question 2

Definition of Metabolism

Answer 2

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism/cell

Question 3

Definition of Anabolism

Answer 3

Making large molecules by joining small molecules together. It requires energy.

Question 4

Example of anabolism

Answer 4

Photosynthesis

Question 5

Definition of Catabolism

Answer 5

The breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules. It releases energy.

Question 6

Example of Catabolism

Answer 6

Respiration

Question 7

The six most common elements in food

Answer 7

1) Carbon (C)
2) Hydrogen (H)
3) Oxygen (O)
4) Nitrogen (N)
5) Phosphorus (P)
6) Sulfur (S)

CHONPS

Question 8

The five elements in dissolved salts

Answer 8

1) Sodium (Na)
2) Magnesium (Mg)
3) Chlorine (Cl)
4) Potassium (K)
5) Calcium (Ca)

Question 9

The trace elements are

Answer 9

1) Iron (Fe)
2) Copper (Cu)
3) Zinc (Zn)

Question 10

Definition of Biomolecules

Answer 10

Chemicals made inside living things

Question 11

Biomolecules in food

Answer 11

1) Proteins
2) Carbohydrates
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins

Question 12

Elements present in protein

Answer 12

1) Carbon (C)
2) Hydrogen (H)
3) Oxygen (O)
4) Nitrogen (N)

Question 13

Subunits of proteins

Answer 13

Amino acids

Question 14

How to tell the difference between amino acids

Answer 14

Different order (sequence) of amino acids produced a different protein

Question 15

Why are amino acids in different shapes

Answer 15

Proteins are folded differently and this gives them a specific function

Question 16

Where are proteins made

Answer 16

Proteins are made in the cell at the ribosome

Question 17

Where are proteins stored?

Answer 17

Protein cannot be stored by the body

Question 18

What happens to excess (unused) proteins

Answer 18

It is deaminated (broken down) by the liver and the product urea is then filtered from the blood by the kidneys and excreted

Question 19

What is excretion?

Answer 19

The removal of waste products of metabolism

Question 20

Good sources of protein

Answer 20

Meat, fish, eggs, milk, beans, peas and nuts

Question 21

Structural role of protein

Answer 21

1) in hair and skin (keratin)

2) in muscle (myosin)

Question 22

Metabolic role of protein

Answer 22

1) antibodies made by white blood cells defend against disease (antigens)
2) enzymes are biological catalysts- speed up metabolism (chemical reactions)
3) hormones regulate (control) metabolism

Question 23

Elements of Carbohydrates

Answer 23

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)

Question 24

What is a monosaccharide

Answer 24

Made of one sugar unit

Question 25

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 25

1) Glucose (C6H12O6) 2) Fructose 3) Galactose 4) Deoxyribose is in DNA 5) Ribose is in RNA

Question 26

What is a disaccharide

Answer 26

Made when two sugar units join together

Question 27

Examples of disaccharides

Answer 27

``` Maltose = glucose + glucose Sucrose = glucose + fructose Lactose = glucose + galactose ```

Question 28

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 28

Made when more than two sugar units join together

Question 29

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 29

1) Starch 2) Glycogen 3) Cellulose (this is the ‘fibre’ in our diet)

Question 30

Dietary sources of monosaccharides

Answer 30

Fruit Honey Jam

Question 31

Dietary sources of Disaccharides

Answer 31

1) Sucrose in fruit, table sugar 2) lactose in milk 3) maltose in germinating seeds

Question 32

Dietary sources of polysaccharides

Answer 32

1) Starch: bread, rice, pasta, spuds | 2) cellulose: fruit, vegetables, whole grain cereals, nuts

Question 33

Structural role of Carbohydrates

Answer 33

1) cellulose in cell wall of plant cells | 2) chitin in the cell walls of fungi

Question 34

Metabolic role of Carbohydrates

Answer 34

1) energy source (energy is released from glucose during respiration) 2) Energy storage (starch is stored in plants, glycogen is stored in the muscle and liver of animals)

Question 35

Elements of lipids

Answer 35

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Question 36

Subunits of lipids

Answer 36

Glycerol with three fatty acids linked to the glycerol

Question 37

What is a phospholipid

Answer 37

Glycerol with two fatty acids and a phosphate

Question 38

Dietary sources of lipids

Answer 38

Meat, milk, butter, cheese, plant oils, margarine

Question 39

Structural role of lipids

Answer 39

1) phospholipids are found in membranes of cells (nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast) 2) cuticle on the surface of leaves (made of wax, for protection)

Question 40

Metabolic role of lipids

Answer 40

1) store energy: lipids contain twice the amount of energy as carbohydrates or protein 2) energy source for respiration 3) hormones regulate metabolism

Question 41

Definition of minerals

Answer 41

Minerals are soluble salts that contain elements essential for metabolism

Question 42

How do plants obtain their minerals

Answer 42

The absorb them from the soil

Question 43

How do animals receive their minerals

Answer 43

In the food they eat

Question 44

Why do plants require minerals

Answer 44

Calcium: needed for the ‘glue’ (middle lamella) between neighbouring plant cell walls Magnesium: found in chlorophyll that is needed for photosynthesis

Question 45

Why do animals require minerals

Answer 45

Calcium: for the formation of teeth and bones Iron: for the formation of haemoglobin needed for oxygen transport in our blood

Question 46

Definition of vitamins

Answer 46

A vitamin is a chemical needed in small amounts in the diet for health

Question 47

Name a water soluble vitamin

Answer 47

Vitamin C

Question 48

Source of Vitamin C

Answer 48

Citrus fruits

Question 49

Function of vitamin C

Answer 49

1) healthy skin and gums | 2) needed for absorption of iron from the intestine

Question 50

A deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 50

Scurvy

Question 51

Symptoms of Major deficiency in vitamin C

Answer 51

Bleeding gums, poor healing

Question 52

Name a fat soluble vitamin

Answer 52

Vitamin D

Question 53

Source of vitamin D

Answer 53

Milk and produced in skin exposed to UV light

Question 54

Function of vitamin D

Answer 54

1) bone and tooth formation | 2) needed for the absorption of calcium from the intestine

Question 55

Long term deficiency of vitamin D

Answer 55

Rickets (in children) | Osteomalacia (in adults)

Question 56

Symptoms of major deficiency of vitamin D

Answer 56

Late teething and deformed legs and arms, weak bones

Question 57

Name any one structural protein

Answer 57

Keratin or Myosin

Question 58

What is the general formula of Carbohydrates

Answer 58

(CH2O)n

Question 59

Name the test or give the chemicals used to demonstrate the presence of fat in a food sample

Answer 59

Brown paper

Question 60

What is meant by a trace element?

Answer 60

Only needed in small amounts

Question 61

Deficiency disease of vitamin A

Answer 61

Dry eye/ blindness/ reduced immune system

Question 62

Deficiency disease in vitamin E

Answer 62

Muscle weakness/ numbness/impaired vision/ anaemia/ heart disease

Question 63

Deficiency disease of vitamin K

Answer 63

Excessive bleeding/ reduced bone density/ bruise easily

Question 64

What is the main structural polysaccharide in plants

Answer 64

Cellulose

Question 65

Describe the composition of a triglyceride molecule

Answer 65

Glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 66

Name a test or give chemicals used to demonstrate the presence of protein in a food sample

Answer 66

Biuret or copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide

Question 67

Name any one mineral present in dissolved salts and state it’s function in humans

Answer 67

``` Mineral: Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium Function: (sodium) maintains blood pressure (Magnesium) blood glucose control (Chlorine) maintains pH balance (Potassium) regulates heartbeat (Calcium) formation of bones ```

Question 68

How would you know that a positive result was obtained from the biuret test

Answer 68

Purple/ violet colour

Question 69

Why is water needed in the body?

Answer 69

Movement of minerals in and out of cells Aids in cooling down the body

Question 70

Name a protein that has a Fibrous structure

Answer 70

Keratin or collagen

Question 71

Give a role of a named mineral (other than calcium) which is required by plants

Answer 71

Magnesium | Found in chlorophyll that is needed for photosynthesis

Question 72

Which type of food biomolecule may be identifies by the use of Benedicts of Fehlings solution

Answer 72

Reducing sugar