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Biology > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is protected by…..

A

1) The rib cage

2) The pericardium

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2
Q

Purpose of the fluid in the pericardium

A

Reduces friction when the heart beats

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3
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the thoracic cavity (or thorax), behind the breastbone (sternum), between the lungs - slightly to the left.

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4
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

It is made of CARDIAC MUSCLE – an involuntary (meaning not consciously controlled by the brain) muscle that does not fatigue (never gets tired).

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5
Q

Why is the wall of the left ventricle much thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

A

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle because the left ventricle has to pump blood a greater distance (all around the body). (The right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs.)

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6
Q

What are the atria and ventricles separated by?

A

Atria and ventricles are separated by CUSPID VALVES (BICUSPID and TRICUSPID) which prevent blood flowing back to the atria from the ventricles.

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7
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs (via pulmonary veins) and pumps oxygenated blood to the body (via the aorta)

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8
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

Collects deoxygenated blood from the body (via vena cava) and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (via pulmonary artery)

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9
Q

Where is the pacemaker (SA NODE) locates?

A

At the top of the right atrium, near the opening of the superior vena cava.

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10
Q

Function of the pacemaker

A

Causes the atria to contract

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11
Q

Where is the av node located?

A

At the bottom of the right atrium, near the septum

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12
Q

Function of the AV node

A

Causes the ventricles to contract

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13
Q

What blood vessels deliver blood to the heart muscle cells?

A

The coronary arteries

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14
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

In the aorta, just above the semilunar valve

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15
Q

What blood vessels collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries in the heart wall?

A

Coronary Veins

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16
Q

Definition on the cardiac cycle

A

The cardiac cycle is a series of events that occur during one heartbeat

17
Q

Definition of Systole

A

Is when the muscular walls of the heart contract and empty of blood

18
Q

Definition of Diastole

A

Is when muscular walls of the heart relax and fill with blood

19
Q

Definition of a pulse

A

A pulse is an expansion and contraction of the wall of an artery

20
Q

Where can a pulse be easily detected?

A

Where an artery is close to the surface of the skin and passing over a bone
eg. The wrist, temple and neck

21
Q

Average heart rate of a healthy adult

A

70-75 beats per minute

22
Q

Definition of blood pressure

A

The force of blood against the wall of an artery

23
Q

Factors that effect the circulatory system

A

Smoking
Diet
Exercise

Biology (24 decks)

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