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Biology > Plant Sexual Reproduction > Flashcards

Plant Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is Asexual Reproduction

A
  • Does not involve gametes (sex cells)

- Produces genetically identical offspring

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2
Q

What is sexual reproduction (in plants)

A
  • involves the fusion of two gametes (sex cells)

- produces genetically different offspring

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3
Q

What is the reproductive organ in a plant

A

Flower

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4
Q

Function of the sepal

A

Protects the flower before it opens (when it is a bud)

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5
Q

Function of petals

A

Attracts insects

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6
Q

Function of the stamen (male)

A

Consists of a filament and anther

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7
Q

Function of the anther

A

Produces pollen (grains)

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8
Q

Function of the filament

A

Holds the anther in place

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9
Q

Function of the carpel (female)

A

Consists of a stigma, style, ovary and ovule

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10
Q

Function of the stigma

A

Where pollen attaches (from the insect or wind)

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11
Q

Function of the style

A

Joins the stigma and the ovary

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12
Q

Function of the ovary in plants

A

The Ovary contains the ovule(S)

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13
Q

Function of the ovule

A

Contains the female gamete (egg)

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14
Q

Function of the nectary

A

Produces nectar (a sweet sugar substance) that is food for insects (makes honey)

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15
Q

Where is the embryo sac

A

In the ovule

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16
Q

Adaptions in insect pollinated flowers to attract insects

A

Coloured petals
Fragrant
Produce nectar

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17
Q

Why is pollen sticky in insect pollinated flowers

A

It sticks to insect

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18
Q

Why are stigmas sticky in insect pollinated flowers

A

So pollen sticks to it (from insect)

Stigma is inside the flower

19
Q

Why is there a small amount of pollen produced in insect pollinated flowers

A

Because there is a high chance of pollen reaching another plant

20
Q

Adaptions in wind pollinated flowers

A

Brown in colour
No fragrance
Don’t need to produce nectar

21
Q

Why is pollen smooth and light in wind pollinated flowers

A

So it can be easily carried in the wind

22
Q

Why is the stigma large and feathery in wind pollinated flowers

A

To catch the pollen

Stigmas outside the flower

23
Q

Why is there a massive amount of pollen produced in wind pollinated powers

A

To compensate for the large amount lost (a lot of pollen will not reach another flower)

24
Q

What produces male gametes

A

The pollen grain

25
Q

What carries the male gametes to the carpal of a flower

A

Pollen

26
Q

What produces the female gamete (egg) +2 polar nuclei

A

The ovule (embryo sac)

27
Q

Definition of pollination

A

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a flower of the same species

28
Q

Two methods of pollination

A

Insect pollination

Wind pollinated flower

29
Q

What is self pollination

A

Self pollination occurs when the anther and stigma are on the same plant

30
Q

What is cross pollination

A

Cross pollination is when the anther and stigma are on different plants of the same species

31
Q

What is an advantage of cross pollination

A

Cross pollination is better for the plant because it increases genetic variation

32
Q

Definition of fertilisation

A

Fertilisation is the union of male and female give me to form a fertilised egg (called a zygote)

33
Q

After fertilisation what does the ovary form

A

The ovary forms the fruit

34
Q

After fertilisation what does the ovule become

A

The ovule becomes the seed

35
Q

After fertilisation what does the zygote become

A

The zygote (2N) becomes the plant embryo getting nutrients from the endosperm (food store)

36
Q

What is a cotyledon

A

A cotyledon is a “Seed leaf” which stores food in the seed

37
Q

How can seeds be classified

A

Seeds can be classified by the number of cotyledons

Seeds can also be classified by the presence or absence of an endosperm

38
Q

How many cotyledons does a monocotyledon have

A

They have one seed leaf

39
Q

How many seed leaves does a dicotyledon have

A

They have two seed leaves

40
Q

Examples of an endospermic seed

A

E.g. maize, wheat

41
Q

Examples of a non-endospermic seed

A

E.g. broad bean

42
Q

Two main parts of the embryo

A

Plumule (future shoot)

Radicle (future root)

43
Q

What is the seed code for protection

A

The testa

Biology (24 decks)

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