Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Bony Palpation

Answer 1

Calcaneus, Sustentaculum, Medial malleolus, Lateral malleolus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, 3 Cuneiforms, 5 Metatarsals, Metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 2

Soft Palpation

Answer 2

Tibialis posterior tendon, Spring ligament, Tibialis anterior tendon, Deltoid ligament, Fibular/peroneus brevis, Achilles tendon, Plantar aponeurosis, Anterior talofibular ligament, Posterior tibial artery, Dorsal pedal artery.

Question 3

Range Of Motion

Answer 3

Ankle Dorsiflexion:  20 degrees
Ankle Plantarflexion:  50 degrees
Subtalar Inversion:  5 degrees
Subtalar Eversion:  5 degrees
1st MTP Joint Flexion
1st MTP Joint Extension

Question 4

Drawer Sign(anterior drawer sign of the ankle):

Answer 4

Positive: Translation with the talus moving away from or toward the tibia.
Indicates: 1. With tibia pushed/foot pulled; a tear/instability of the anterior talofibular ligament.
2. With tibia pulled/foot pushed; a tear/instability of posterior talofibular ligament.

Question 5

Ankle Dorsiflexion Test (Hoppenfeld)

Answer 5

Positive: 1. The Foot cannot dorsiflex with knee extended, but is able to with knee flexed.
Indicates: 1. Contracture of the gastrocnemius muscle
Positive: 2. the foot cannot dorsiflex in either knee position.
Indicates: 2. Contracture of the soleus muscle

Question 6

Rigid or Supple Flat Feet Test (Hoppenfeld)

Answer 6

Positive: Absence of medial longitudinal arch in both positions.
Indicates: Rigid flat feet
Positive: Presence of medial longitudinal arch while seated with a loss of medial longitudinal arch while standing.
Indicates: Supple flat feet

Question 7

Homans Sign(DANGER)

Answer 7

(There are sources that Do Not recommend squeezing the calf due to danger of thrombus formation possibly being released into the venous system)
Positive: Deep pain in the calf
Indicates: Deep vein thrombophlebitis.

Question 8

ThomPson Test

Answer 8

Prone
Postive: Absence of foot plantarflexion motion.
Indicates: Achilles Tendon rupture.

Question 9

Morton Test

Answer 9

Positive: Sharp pain in the forefoot
Indicates: Metatarsalgia or neuroma (usually at the 3rd and 4th metatarsal interspace).