the foot contains how many bones total
26
the phalanges make up __ bones
14
the metatarsal heads are
distal
a common trauma site for the foot & must be well visualized on radiographs
the base of the fifth metatarsal
where are sesamoid bones found in the feet
on the plantar surface at the head of the first metatarsal
largest and strongest bone of the foot
calcaneus
area common for bone spurs
posterior portion of the calcaneus
the calcaneus articulates with the
cuboid anteriorly & the talus superiorly
the calcaneus sulcus combines with a groove of the talus, forms an opening for ligaments. what is the opening called
sinus tarsi (sits between the calcaneus & talus)
flattened oval shaped bone, sits on the medial side of the foot between the talus & the 3 cuneiforms
navicular
weight barring bone of the lower limb
tibia
the most distal part of fibula / ankle joint
lateral malleolus
anterior surface of the foot
dorsumpedis
posterior surface of the foot
plantar
CR for an AP oblique toes
perpendicular to the IR, at the MTP joint
lateromedial projection is used for
great/big toe
for lateral toes, rotate foot medially for
first, second, and third digits
for lateral toes rotate the foot laterally for
4th & 5th digits
best projection for cuboid
AP oblique foot (medial rotation)
most distal part of a metatarsal
head
how much foot rotation is required for the AP oblique, medial rotation projection of the foot
30 - 40 degrees
another name for the AP projection of the foot
dorsoplantar projection
for the AP projection of the toes, the CR is directed to the
third MTP joint
the most commonly performed oblique projection of the foot is the
AP oblique in medial rotation
the CR angle for an AP oblique projection of the foot is
0 degrees
for a lateral projection of the foot , the CR is directed to
the base of the third metatarsal
what is the CR angulation for the axial projection of the calcaneus
40 degrees
to prevent lateral rotation, how should the foot be positioned for a lateral projection of the ankle
in dorsiflexion
for a lateral projection of the ankle , the CR must enter the
medial malleolus
to demonstrate the ankle mortise , the leg and foot should be rotated medially how many degrees
15 - 20 degrees
how many degrees of angulation are required to open the interphalangeal joint spaces of the toes on an AP projection
15 degrees
how is the patient placed for a lateral projection of the great toe and second toe
recumbent on the medial side
the amount of obliquity for an internal oblique foot
30 - 40 degrees
the amount of obliquity for an internal oblique ankle
45 degrees
the _ metatarsal has a tuberosity that is prominent at its base
5th
when the patient is positioned for a lateral foot or ankle , the foot forms a __ degree angle with the tibia and fibula
90
when the patient is positioned for a lateral foot or ankle the
dorsal surface of the foot is perpendicular to the IR
names of the tarsal bone
medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, navicular, talus, cuboid, & calcaneus
which tarsal bone articulates superiorly on the calcaneus
talus
which tarsal bone is located between the calcaneus & the 4th and 5th metatarsals
cuboid
which tarsal bone is lateral from the cuneiforms
cuboid
which tarsal bone is located between the talus & the cuneiforms
navicular
name the tarsal bones that articulate with the metatarsals
3 cuneiforms & cuboid
which tarsal bone forms part of the ankle joint
talus
the two bones of the lower leg
tibia & fibula
lateral bone of the leg
fibula
smaller bone of the leg
fibula
another name for the ankle joint
mortise
what forms the ankle joint
lateral & medial malleolus & talus
where is the sustentaculum tali
on medial aspect of calcaneus
metatarsals base is
proximal
smallest tarsal bone
intermediate cuneiform
degree the mortise opens on an ankle
15 - 20 degrees
calcaneus lateral CR
1” inferior to medial malleolus
band that spans the medial cuneiform to the first and second metatarsal bases, high stress mid foot injury
lisfranc injury
common primary malignant bone tumor that comes from the bone marrow, resembles an onion that has layers of peeling
ewing sarcoma
also called giant cell tumor , large radiolucent lesions with thin strips of bone between, mostly present on long bones
osteoclastoma
means bone softening , lack of bone mineralization due to calcium deficiency or vitamin D , called rickets in pediatrics
osteomalacia
increases uric acid in the blood, leads to the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints , cartilage, and kidney. manifests as very painful arthritis
gout
fracture of both malleoli, one side is usually spiral or oblique and the other is transverse
bimalleolar fracture
common transverse fracture of the 5th metatarsal base
jones fracture
fracture of both malleoli with ankle dislocation
potts fracture
most common type of primary bone cancer , looks like punched out bone , loss of calcium in the bone
multiple myeloma
