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pelvis & hip review Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

when the femur is vertical, which condyle is considered lower

A

medial condyle

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2
Q

anteriorly, what are the distal condyles of the femur separated by

A

patellar surface (trochlear groove)

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3
Q

the hip bone is made up of what 3 bones

A

ischium, ilium, & pubis

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4
Q

what is the name of the cup shaped socket that receives the head of the femur on the hip bone

A

acetabulum

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5
Q

the body of the ilium forms how much of the acetabulum

A

2/5th superiorly

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6
Q

list the four prominent projections found on the ilium

A

ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS

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7
Q

what three parts does the pubis consist of

A

body, superior ramus, inferior ramus

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8
Q

when the body is in a seated upright position, the weight of the body rests on what structures

A

ischial tuberosities

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9
Q

what is the prominent ridge between the trochanters on the posterior surface of the body named

A

intertrochanteric crest

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10
Q

the two common fracture sites in the elderly

A

femoral neck, intertrochanteric crest

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11
Q

two other names for the hip bone

A

ossa coxae & innominate bones

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12
Q

where does the iliac crest set on vertebrae

A

L4 - L5 interspace

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13
Q

the pelvis consists of which 4 bones

A

2 hip bones, sacrum, & coccyx

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14
Q

what is the name of the small depression located on the head of the femur

A

fovea capitis

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15
Q

the pubic of the hip bones articulate with each other at the anterior midline of the body, forming a joint called ?

A

pubic symphysis

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16
Q

the largest foramen in the body

A

obturator foramen

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17
Q

for which projection of an individual hip should the unaffected hip be flexed and the thigh be raised out of the way of the central ray

A

axiolateral projection (danelius - miller)

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18
Q

how many degrees should the feet & lower limbs be internally rotated for an AP pelvis radiograph

A

15-20 degrees

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19
Q

the CR for an AP pelvis is directed perpendicular to the center of the IR , what is the entrance point

A

2’’ superior to the pubic symphysis
2’’ inferior of the ASIS

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20
Q

what will be shown in profile of the lower limbs are in correct position for an AP pelvis

A

greater trochanter

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21
Q

what is the CR angle for an AP projection of the hip

A

perpendicular

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22
Q

unless suspected fracture, the lower limb and leg should be internally rotated for an axiolateral projection of the hip (danelius - miller) how many degrees of rotation are required

A

15 - 20 degrees

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23
Q

what is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the pelvis

A

suspended respiration

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24
Q

which of the following is an important and frequently used radiographic positioning reference point

A

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

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25
the strongest bone in the body
femur
26
where is the IR centered for an AP pelvis
midway between the ASIS and pubic symphysis
27
T/F : a grid is recommended for hip radiography
true
28
T/F : it is important to include the entire prosthesis when examining a patient with a total hip replacement
true
29
true pelvis is also
lower, actual birth canal, “lesser” pelvis
30
the false pelvis is also
higher, “greater” pelvis, inlet part of pelvis where baby “cooks”
31
the trochanters are joined by a ridge called the
interchrochanter crest
32
the ilium makes up the ___ part of the acetabulum
superior (2/5th)
33
the area superior to the oblique plane through the pelvis brim is the greater or ___
false pelvis
34
a severe blow or trauma to one side of the pelvis that results in a fracture on the opposite side from the injury
pelvic ring fracture
35
general differences between the male and female pelvis
shape, angle of pubic arch, position of ischial spines
36
between right and left pubic bones , cartilaginous and is very limited movement or ampiarthrodial
symphysis pubis
37
between sacrum & ilium , synovial joint & irregular gliding
sacroiliac joints (SI)
38
the symphysis pubis is ___ inferior to the ASIS
3-4 inches
39
typical sign for a broken hip
leg turned external
40
pelvic ring fracture is best seen on
CT scan
41
good for joint abnormalities & can look at muscles and soft tissue in addition to x rays
MRI
42
best to demonstrate newborn hip dislocation and joint stability during movement of lower limbs
ultrasound
43
good for early evidence of bony pathology processes, infections, mets, or other primary malignancies. More sensitive and asses the physiologic aspect rather than the anatomic aspect
nuclear medicine
44
AP pelvis evaluation criteria
greater trochanters are visible & in profile , the lesser trochanters should not be visible at all or only the tips
45
AP axial outlet projection (taylor method) CR
males - 20-35 degrees cephalic females - 30-45 degrees cephalic
46
posterior oblique acetabulum (judet method) clinical indications
acetabulum fractures & pelvic ring fractures
47
posterior oblique acetabulum (judet method) CR for pelvic ring
perpendicular 2’’ inferior from the ASIS and 2” medial to upside ASIS
48
ilium posterior inferior part ends in the
greater sciatic notch
49
ischium consists of
body & ischial ramus
50
ischium body forms what of acetabulum
posterior 2/5 of acetabulum
51
the pubis consists of
body, superior ramus, inferior ramus
52
the pubis body forms what of acetabulum
1/5th of anterior acetabulum
53
the obturator foramen is formed by what
junction of ischial ramus & pubis inferior ramus
54
heavier, narrower, deeper angle at pubic symphysis is acute heart shaped inlet
male pelvis
55
wider, shallower, lighter angle at pubic symphysis is obtuse more oval or wide inlet
female pelvis
56
which palpable landmark is at the same level as the pubic symphysis
greater trochanter
57
the weakest part in the pelvis is the
symphysis pubis
58
CR angulation and direction for AP axial inlet
40 degrees caudal to level of the ASIS
59
striking sclerosis of the bones of the hand and wrist, generalized increased bone density of the lower spine, pelvis, and hips
osteopetrosis
60
when looking for congenital hip dislocation what projection is the most commonly performed
the bilateral modified cleaves
61
hip dislocations caused by conditions present at birth, causes repeated dislocations
hip dysplasia also called developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
62
bilateral symmetric obliteration of the sacroiliac joints by way of fusing together, works it’s way up the spine also called “bamboo spine” , most common in males
ankylosing spondylitis
63
also called DJD (degenerative joint disease) sclerotic bone formation in the acetabulum is seen, most common type of arthritis and considered normal aging
osteoarthritis of the hip
64
aseptic or ischemic necrosis , first presents as a lip mostly in 5-10 year old boys. the head of the femur becomes flat, then fragments
legg- calve- perthes disease
65
the most common type of primary bone cancer , looks like punched out bone, lytic lesions of lucency
multiple myeloma
66
intertrochanteric fractures happen between
the greater & lesser trochanter along the ridge
67
resembles cotton wool on a radiograph, it is from an overproduction of bone that is very dense but also pliable
paget’s disease
68
joint movement type of the symphysis pubis
ampharthrodial
69
how much is the affected side rotated for the PA axial oblique projection (teufel method)
35-40 degrees
70
what projection is best suited for the patient with limited movement of both lower limbs to demonstrate a lateral perspective of the proximal femur
clements - nakayama method
71
SI joint are classified as what type of mobility
amphiarthrodial
72
hip joints are classified as
diarthrodial
73
which pathology usually occurs in 10 to 16 year old patients during rapid growth
slipped capital femoral epiphysis
74
where is the CR directed for the PA oblique projection - judet method for acetabulum with affected side down
perpendicular and centered 2 inches distal and 2 inches medial to downside ASIS
75
where is the CR directed for the PA axial oblique projection - teufel method for the acetabulum with the affected side down
perpendicular and centered 1 inch superior to the level of the greater trochanter , approximately 2 inches lateral to the MSP, CR angled 12 degree cephalad
76
what topographic landmark is most frequently used for positioning the pelvis
ASIS

positioning (7 decks)

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