which of the lower leg bones is on the medial side
tibia
which of the lower leg bones is on the lateral side
fibula
which tibial condyle articulates with the head of the fibula
lateral
what is the prominent process on the anterior surface of the tibia just below the condyles
tibial tuberosity
pathology associated with the tibial tuberosity
oschgood - schlatter disease (10-15 yr old boys)
what is the projection off the head of the fibula named ?
apex
the distal end of the femur consists of 2 large condyles , which is larger in size
medial condyle
anteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles
patellar surface
posteriorly, what separates the femoral condyles
intercondylar fossa
the largest bone in the body
the femur
on the posterior femur, what is the surface superior to the intercondylar surface named
popliteal surface
what type of bone is the patella
sesamoid
is the Apex of the patella directed inferior or superior
inferior
how is the patella attached to the tibia
patellar tendon
what is the name of the cup shaped socket that receives a head of the femur on the hip bone
acetabulum
what is the prominent ridge between the trochanters on the posterior surface of the body named?
intertrochanteric crest
what are the two common sites of fractures in the elderly on the femur
neck & intertrochanteric crest
what is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg
tibia
a small triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is called?
fibular notch
the articular facets of the proximal tibia are also referred to as what
tibial plateau
the most proximal aspect of the fibula is the
apex
the extreme distal end of the fibula forms the
lateral malleolus
why must the central ray be angled 5 - 7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee position
so the medial & lateral condyles stack
the two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur
medial & lateral epicondyles
joint between the patella and distal femur
patellafemoral
joint between the two condyles of the femur and tibia
femoraltibial
which AP oblique rotation of the knee best visualizes the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and neck of the fibula
medial
to include both joints for a lateral projection of the tibia and fibula for an adult, the technologist may place the IR___ in relation to the part
diagonally
what is the recommended central ray angulation for an AP projection of the knee for a patient with thick thighs and buttocks (greater than 24 cm)
3-5 degrees cephalad
where is the central ray centered for an AP projection of the knee
1/2’’ distal to apex of patella
which basic projection of the knee best demonstrates the proximal fibula free of superimposition
AP oblique - 45 degrees medial rotation
how much flexion is recommended for a lateral projection of the knee
20 - 30 degrees
what is the recommended central ray placement for a lateral position on a tall, slender male patient with a narrow pelvis
5 degrees cephalad
the medial malleolus is on the
tibia
the lateral epicondyle is on the
distal femur
the patellar surface is on
the distal femur
the articular facets are located on the
tibia
the fibular notch is on the
tibia
the styloid process is on the
fibula
the base refers to the
patella
the intercondyloid eminence is on the
tibia
the neck is on the
fibula
on the lateral leg the articular facets make a ___ slope posteriorly
10-20 degree
rough prominence located on the mid anterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles
tibial tuberosity
the tibial tuberosity is also an attachment point for the
patellar tendon
lateral aspect of the distal tibia is a triangular notch called the
fibular notch
under rotation in a lateral leg shows
the adductor tubercle
slightly raised area that is present on the posterolateral aspect of the medial condyle
adductor tubercle
anterior surface of the patella is
convex and rough
inner surface of the patella is
smooth & oval shape
lateral and medial , prevent adduction and abduction movements
collateral ligaments
stabilize the knee by preventing anterior or posterior movement within the joint
cruciate ligaments
knee is considered what type of joint
bicondylar
femorotibial joint
bicondylar - offers flexion , extension, some gliding & rotation movements
patellofemoral joint
saddle or sellar - due to shape and relationship of patella to the anterior distal femur
proximal tibiofibular joint
plane or gliding , between lateral condyle and head of fibula
distal tibiofibular joint
fibrous , syndesmosis type , amohiarthrodial
CR AP knee
1/2’’ distal to apex of the knee
AP knee angle for less than 19 cm
5 degrees caudad
AP knee for 19-24 cm (average)
0 degree angle
AP knee more than 24 cm
5 degrees cephalad
lateral knee CR angle
5-7 degrees cephalad
what is used for cartilage deformities
AP weight bearing bilateral knees
axial PA weight bearing rosenberg CR
10 caudal at level of 1/2’’ below the apex of the patella
tunnel views
camp coventry, holmblad, beclere
to view potential fracture in tibial plateau
rosenberg
tangential patella views
merchants , settegast, hughston , inferosuperior (sunrise) , hobbs modification
what type of CR angle is required for a PA axial projection, holmblad variation with the patient prone , of the intercondylar fossa
0 degree angle
another name for degenerative joint disease is
osteoarthritis
most common type of primary cancer in the bone is
multiple myeloma
raising the tube to 48’’ for a lower leg will accomplish what
include more of the part & reduce divergence of the beam
malignant tumors of the cartilage normally in long bones and pelvis of older bone , tiny calcifications are seen within the tumor
chondrosarcoma
benign bone lesion that is a consolidated overgrowth of the bone , usually grows away from the joint and parallel to the bone
osteochondroma aka exostosis
also called osteosarcomas highly malignant primary bone tumor typically occurs in childhood up to early 20s typically occurs and long bones first classic first sign is a lesion that looks like a Sunburst causes gross destruction of bone
osteogenic sarcoma
