Foreign policy

Question 1

Who was Elizabeths cousin and who did she marry

Answer 1

Mary queen of scotland- married Prince Francis of France- became rulers of france

Question 2

Relations with Scotland

Answer 2

• secure Scottish border- prevent any potential invasion by French and Scottish forces
  December 1559- English navy had to stop French troops from landing

Question 3

Scottish protestant rebellion

Answer 3

• Elizabeth supported a rebellion in Scotland against Mary of Guise- led by the Lords of Congregation
• The noblemen then formed a parliament and reformed the Church of Scotland- reduced threat

Question 4

Treaty of Edinburgh- ENgland and Scotland and France

Answer 4

1560- put an end to the rebllion led by the lords of the congregation and ended the auld alliance

Question 5

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Answer 5

Secured peace with France in 1560- demonstrates Elizabeths desire to avoid costly wars and keep peace

Question 6

French wars of Religion

Answer 6

1562- France was thrust into the Wars of Religion- internal fighting between Catholics and Huguenots(Protestants) meaning France was less of a threat to England

Question 7

Netherlands

Answer 7

• vital trading partner
  1563- Phillip II ( ruled the Netherlands and France) banned English cloth imports to the Netherlands- damaging the economy
• protected the netherlands against infection and a response to Elizabeth ignoring Protestant messages English merchants were spreading to the Dutch people

Question 8

Response to the cloth trading ban of 1563

Answer 8

• Elizabeth banned dutch imports
  However - by 1564 both bans were lifted

Question 9

The treaty of Spain

Answer 9

• Although Eliz tried to maintain peace with Philip she was aware of the threat he posed

Question 10

Treaty of Nonsuch

Answer 10

1585- gave military support to the Dutch rebels and promised that England would protect them
-She signed the treaty because England relied on Dutch ports for trade

Question 11

Robert Dudley resignation

Answer 11

1587 after many military defeats including the war in the Netherlands

Question 12

Robert Dudley rebellion

Answer 12

1585- led English forces in the Netherlands
He led 7,000 troops provoking Phillip because an Englishman had accepted a title implying he ruled the Netherlands - Governor-General

Question 13

English privateers

Answer 13

Sir Francis Drake- traded with Spains American colonies, raided Spanish boats and stole their treasure

Question 14

Raid on Cadiz

Answer 14

• Raided Spanish ports and ships including Catiz in 1587
  -Supported by Elizabeth who suspected Phillip was preparing for war
  -Sir Francis Drake destroyed 25-35 Spanish ships and harmed the building of the Armada
  -Food and water couldnt be stored well during the Armada so it delayed the Armarda by more than 12 months

Question 15

Tactic line of battle

Answer 15

Ships in a single line formation, fired together on the enemy
Fireships were used, where an old ship was set ablaze and sent into the middle of the enemy

Question 16

Bad Spanish tactics

Answer 16

• tried to board enemy ships and fight
  -Spains sailors were generally less experiened in warfare
  =English shios could simply stay out of range

Question 17

Spanish Armada

Answer 17

1588- Phillip launched 151 ships , 7,000 sailors and 34,000 soldiers, to invade England via the Netherlands. England had interfered in the Spanish netherlands.

Question 18

May-JULY 1588

Answer 18

• Armada led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia
• Because of bad weather they didnt reach the English Channel until July

Question 19

6th August 1588

Answer 19

• They could not anchor safely
  -Drake commanded English sailors to strike, he sent 8 fireships the next morning into the Spanish fleet

Question 20

The Battle of Gravelines

Answer 20

8th August 1588- English damaged many Spanish ships. Only 65 Spanish ships made it back
-The attack coincided with a storm which blew the Armada off course

Question 21

Outcome of the 1588 Armada

Answer 21

• Significant victory to Elizabeth- proved British naval migjt
  -Phillip planned a second attempt but never launched the mission
• More Catholics pledged loyalty to the queen - strengthened the sense that England was living through a ‘golden age’

Question 22

Causes of the Oxfordshire Uprising

Answer 22

• enclosure, poor harvests,disease,failing wages

Question 23

Course of oxfordshire uprising

Answer 23

• A planned uprising against enclosures aimed to seize the home of the countys Lord Lieutenant. They would seize weapons and march on London
  -Only 4 leaders turned up

Question 24

Outcome of Oxfordshire Uprising

Answer 24

• Strong reaction by government- 4 men were tortured before being executed for treason

Question 25

Causes of the Northern rebellion

Answer 25

- feudal loyalties led commoners to follow the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland- relationship between landlord and tenant was a reason to join a rebellion - Elizabeth refused to let the Duke of Norfolk marry Mary Queen of Scots

Question 26

Northern Rebellion 1569

Answer 26

-Elizabeth confiscated a lot of land from Earl of Northumberland -The two earls held an illegal Catholic mass ,4,600 men marched with them as they headed south -Earl of Sussex raised troops against them and they dispersed

Question 27

Consequences of the Northern rebellion

Answer 27

Execution of the earls Duke of Norfolk imprisoned Led to increased repression and government control in the region Hastings( a puritan) was installed as leader of the Council of the North

Question 28

essex rebellion 1601

Answer 28

- Essex was sent to Ireland but failed to deal with the rebellion- lost power and influence -He took 4 privy councillors hostage and he was arrested

Question 29

Tyrones rebellion 1593

Answer 29

-earl of Tyrone and Hugh O'Neill led a rebellion lasting 9 years- threatened Elizabeths authority in Ireland -Wanted to rid Ireland of the English settlers, colonisation and Catholisism were the main causes

Question 30

Battle of Yellow Ford

Answer 30

1598- forces defeated English troops - Earl of Essex sent in 1599 to deal with the rebellion but failed

Question 31

End of Tyrones rebellion

Answer 31

Elizabeth send Lord Mountjoy, who defeated the rebellion in 1603 - James I was left to deal with the leaders of the rebellion

Question 32

By 1600

Answer 32

- Spain was bankrupt and England was under severe financial strain- WAR -Headway in the New World -new trading links made with Russia and India