Government

Question 1

Patronage

Answer 1

• given gifts such as lands and offices and titles in return for loyalty
  The Queen and key ministers such as Cecil, bestowed patronage

Question 2

How many titles did Elizabeth give

Answer 2

18

Question 3

The household

Answer 3

• monarchs domestic staff
  Headed by the Lord Chamberlain- 1500 people
  -Divided into the Robe/Bakehouse

Question 4

Government and Court

Answer 4

• The monarch was the centre of government and the court was wherever the monarch was
  -Officials had to attend court to get royal permission for their actions
  -Elizabeth promoted loyal, competent men at court to posts in the Privy Council and her household

Question 5

Sir William Cecil

Answer 5

Lord Burghlye from 1573- Elizabeths most important and trusted adviser- served Elizabeth as Secretary of State and later as Lord Treasurer. His political views aligned with Elizabeth , relatively conservative and focused on maintaining stability and his son Robert Cecil took his place in 1596

Question 6

Key courtiers from the gentry

Answer 6

• Christopher Hatton- he was resented by the nobility for his close relationship with Elizabeth
  -Walter Raleigh- Hatton was jealous of him
  -Francis Walsingham- Protestant- instrumental in Mary, Queen of Scots execution

Question 7

Key courtiers from the nobility

Answer 7

• Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester 1564
  -Earl of Sussex/Essex

Question 8

Role of Elizabeths ministers

Answer 8

• helped her govern
• Elizabeth believed she had ‘divine right’ to rule - so they were there to advise not tell her what to do
  -helped her shape her image and how it was communicated

Question 9

1569 Northern rebellion

Answer 9

• Catholic nobles tried to overthrow Elizabeth and put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne

Question 10

Ridolfi Plot

Answer 10

A plot to assassinate Elizabeth 1 and put Mary Queen of Scots on the throne

Question 11

Protestant faction at Court

Answer 11

Men such as William Cecil formed an inner ring around Elizabeth from the 1570s- Cecil and Leicester often ddisagreed on political issues like Eliz’s potential marriage

Question 12

The commons

Answer 12

• They angered Elizabeth 1 by discussing the succession and religious reform
  -At least 40MPS between 1563-1566 pressed for more strongly Protestant religious reform

Question 13

How did the commons assert their rights

Answer 13

• Free speech in 1576 and 1593
  -Settle an election dispute in a Norfolk constituency in 1586

Question 14

How many parliaments were there

Answer 14

13 , on average 10 weeks each in a 45 year reign- rest of the time Elizabeth ruled through the Privy Council and its machinery

Question 15

What did Elizabeth forbid

Answer 15

For both the commons and the privy council to discuss her marriage or succession

Question 16

Parliament

Answer 16

• effectivelu under control of the Privy council and nobility

Question 17

JPs

Answer 17

• poor laws greatly increased their responsibilities
  By 1600- there was an average of 50 per country
  They were unpaid even though their workland increased

Question 18

Lord Lieutenants

Answer 18

• became permanent in the latter half of Elizabeths reign
  -Usually members of the nobility
  -They raised local militias and oversaw the work of JPs

Question 19

Regional Councils

Answer 19

• Council of the North continued operating
  1572- Earl of Huntingdon took over the Earl of Sussex- he made sure increasingly harsh measures suppressing Catholics were implemented

Question 20

By 1600

Answer 20

• Robert Cecil as Principal secretary
  -The privy council met every day by the 1590s
  -Workload of JPs and importance of gentry continued to grow