Flashcards in Foreign Policy Deck (88)
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1
_____ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world
Foreign policy
2
The specific strategies that make up _____ from year to year change in response to changes in the international environment.
U.S. foreign policy
3
The long-term goals of that ____ remain constant, reflecting both the nation’s ideals and its self-interest
policy
4
The principal goal of American foreign policy is _____.
to preserve the security of the United States
5
_____ means protection of a nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers
National security
6
In today’s global economy national security means ________.
more than military defense
7
Maintaining trade with other nations and preserving access to necessary natural resources have also been basic goals of ______.
U.S. foreign policy
8
Productive American factories and farms need foreign markets in which _____.
to sell their goods
9
Generally, the United States supports trade that is free from _______.
both export and import restrictions
10
American leaders also work for _____ because they believe it helps the nation avoid outside conflicts and aids national security
world peace
11
The United States tries to help other nations settle disputes and has also supplied ______.
economic aid to at-risk countries
12
_______, along with direct terrorist attacks, have made the goal of world peace an even greater challenge
The rise of terrorist groups
13
The United States aids democratic nations and helps others create democratic political systems
(examples)
IE. South Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan
14
The United States has responded by providing food, medical supplies, and technical assistance for _____.
humanitarian reasons
15
This aid serves the strategic interests of the United states by ______ in the world
maintaining political stability
16
Until the late 1800's, American foreign policy was based on _____.
isolationism
17
____ the avoidance of involvement in world affairs
Isolationism
18
When______ became president in 1789, the US was a small nation in deep debt
George Washington
19
In 1823 President James Monroe announced a new foreign policy known as the _____.
Monroe Doctrine
20
_____ began to look for world markets for its products and for new sources of raw materials
Monroe Doctrine
21
For some government leaders, isolationism no longer fit the US’s role as an ______.
economic power
22
The US leaders of the time believed the nation needed to expand and acquire a ______.
colonial empire
23
In 1898 the US fought the _______.
Spanish American War
24
As a result, the US acquired the ________, ______, and _____.
Philippine Islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico
25
______ was now a major power in the Caribbean as well as the Pacific region and East Asia
The United States
26
When _____ began in Europe in 1914, isolationist sentiment in the United States was still strong
World War I
27
Disillusioned by the terrible cost of war, Americans returned to _______.
isolationism
28
When _____ began in 1939, the United States officially remained ____.
World War II, neutral
29
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, drew the _____ into war
United States
30
Since World War II, US foreign policy has been based on ______.
internationalism
31
_____ emerged from World War II as the leader of the free nations of the world.
The United States
32
US government leaders viewed the ______ as a threat to national security
power of the Soviet Union
33
Between 1945 and 1949, the _____ established control over the governments of Eastern European countries
Soviet Union
34
In 1949 _____ seized control of China.
Chinese Communists
35
_____ takeovers in these nations convinced American leaders that they must halt Communist aggression
The Communist
36
_____ was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war
The Cold War
37
With the threat of expanding communism, the US drew upon the ideas of _____, an American diplomat and expert on Soviet history and culture
George F. Kenan
38
The US would create a policy known as _____.
containment
39
Containment was the policy designed to keep the _____ from expanding its powers
Soviet Union
40
_____ also tried to stop the spread of communism by giving economic aid to nations they said were threatened by totalitarian regimes.
America
41
_____ announced what later became known as the Truman Doctrine in a speech in 1947:
President Harry Truman
42
Months later the_____ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe
Marshall Plan
43
____ tensions and fears also led to an arms race
Cold War
44
______ of containment drew the United States into two wars: (name them)
The Cold War policy,
1. Korea
2. Vietnam
45
In the Korean War the US aided pro-American South Korea when it was invaded by _______.
communist North Korea
46
Truman saw the invasion of South Korea as expansionism by the Soviet Union and sent American troops there under _____.
UN sponsorship
47
In the Vietnam War, ____ committed troops for many years to fight on the side of the South Vietnamese government against Communist N. Vietnam
the United States
48
In 1989 _____ dividing Communist East Germany from the democratic West Germany was torn down by demonstrators
the Berlin Wal
49
while _____ called on the US to stay involved in world politics to protect American trade interests, encourage democracy, and advance human rights
policymakers
50
In 1990 Iraq’s leader _____, invaded neighboring Kuwait threatening Middle Eastern oil supplies
Saddam Hussein
51
These actions included a program of inspections aimed at preventing ____ from developing weapons of mass destruction
Iraq
52
During the 1990's ____ kept tension high by failing to cooperate with UN-mandated inspections
Saddam Hussein
53
Throughout the 1990s ____ sent US forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests
President Clinton
54
In 1992_____ join a multi-nation force in Somalia to protect relief organizations operating during a civil war
American troops
55
In 1994 American troops preserved order in _____ when their president was forced to flee the country
Haiti
56
In 1995 _____ intervened to end ethnic warfare among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims resulting from the breakup of the former Yugoslavia
American and NATO allies
57
In 1999, ____ air power and troops forced Serbian troops to withdraw from the Yugoslavian province of Kosovo
American and NATO
58
______ identified the attack as the work of al-Qaeda, a global network of Islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in Afghanistan
The FBI and intelligence sources
59
_____ quickly announced that a war on terrorism would become the focus of his administration
President George W. Bush
60
_______ framework states that preemption should replace containment and deterrence as the foundation American strategy
The Bush administrations
61
_____ means that the US will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction
Preemption
62
_____ applied preemption in March 2003 when the US and a coalition of others removed the government of Saddam Hussein
President Bush
63
In December 2003, _____ would be captured
Saddam Hussein
64
______ have the major responsibility for making foreign policy, and are often influenced by the opinions of the American people
The president and Congress
65
Pressure from interest groups can also affect _____.
foreign policy
66
_____ issues can have a substantial impact on legislation that affects their areas of interest
Human rights
67
_______, is one of the smallest cabinet-level departments in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy
The Department of State
68
______ is the largest of all the executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed
The Department of Defense
69
Created by Congress in 1789, ______ was the first executive department
the Dept. of State
70
Originally it was known as ___________.
the Department of Foreign Affairs
71
______ is generally considered to be the most important member of the cabinet, ranking just below the president and vice president
The secretary of state
72
________ is the 4th in line for presidential succession
The secretary of state
73
Your current secretary of state is ______.
John Kerry (D)
74
Dept. of State carries out four important functions:
(name them)
1. Keep the president informed about international issues
2. Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
3. Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
4. Protect the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad
75
Six assistant secretaries direct the six geographical bureaus of the State Dept.: (name a few)
1. Bureau of African Affairs
2. European and Eurasian Affairs
3. East Asian and Pacific Affairs
4. Western Hemisphere Affairs
5. Near Eastern Affairs
6. South Asian Affairs
76
Officials who are assigned to serve abroad in foreign countries belong to ________.
the Foreign Service
77
_______usually spend several years abroad in a diplomatic post
Foreign Service Officers (FSOs)
78
_____ are normally assigned either to an American embassy or to an American consulate
FSOs
79
________ maintains embassies in the capital cities of foreign countries
The United States
80
______ includes the official residence and offices of the ambassador and his/her staff
An embassy
81
The primary function of an embassy is to make ______.
diplomatic communication between governments easier
82
Currently the State Dept. directs the work of over _______.
200 American embassies and consulates
83
An ambassador heads each ________.
American embassy
84
______ is appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the Senate
An ambassador
85
Congress has exercised its power to declare war only ____ times in our nation’s history: (name some)
5,
1. War of 1812,
2. 1846 against Mexico,
3. 1898 against Spain,
4. 1917 against Germany,
5. 1941 against Japan, Germany, and Italy
86
The president has advantages over Congress in conducting foreign policy: (name two)
1. Only the president—or a chosen spokesperson such as the secretary of state—can speak for the nation in dealings with other governments
2. The president controls those agencies, Dept. of State and the National Security Council, that help formulate and carry out foreign policy on a day-to-day basis
3. The president is able to take quick and decisive action
4. By using executive agreements, the president can bypass the Senate when making agreements with other nations
87
Dept. of State carries out four important functions: (name two)
1. Keep the president informed about international issues
2. Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
3. Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
4. Protect the interests of Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad
88
