Formative Assessment

Question 1

pyramidal tracts arise from…

Answer 1

precentral gyrus

Question 2

extrapyramidal tracts arise from…

Answer 2

brainstem

Question 3

lateral CS tract controls..

Answer 3

voluntary motor control of limbs and digits

Question 4

medial CS tract controls..

Answer 4

posture

Question 5

lateral CS tract decussates at,,,

Answer 5

pyramids of medulla

Question 6

corticobulbar tracts control motor function to…

Answer 6

muscles of face, head, neck

Question 7

corticobulbar tract arises from…

Answer 7

motor cortex

Question 8

name the only nerves not controlled by the corticobulbar tract

Answer 8

CN12

lower CN7

Question 9

an UMN lesion to CN7 will present with what sparing?

Answer 9

forehead spared

Question 10

rubrospinal tract controls…

Answer 10

excites flexor muscles of upper body only

Question 11

why do you get decorticate posturing?

Answer 11

a lesion to the corticospinal tract means the rubrospinal takes over

Question 12

why do you get decerebrate posturing?

Answer 12

a lesion in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tract means reticulospinal takes over

Question 13

decerebrate posturing scores _ on a GCS score for motor function

Answer 13

2

Question 14

decorticate posturing scores a _ on a GCS score for motor functioning

Answer 14

3

Question 15

gracile nucleus control whats part of the body in DCML?

Answer 15

lower body

Question 16

cuneate nucleus controls what part of the body in DCML?

Answer 16

upper body

Question 17

brown sequard syndrome affects how much of the spinal cord?

Answer 17

1 side only (hemisection)

Question 18

anterior cord syndrome is caused by…

Answer 18

infarction to ant spinal artery

Question 19

patient stabbed in the back presenting with ipsilateral paralysis and decreased sensation

Answer 19

brown-sequard

Question 20

weakness in upper body over lower body, cape like loss of sensation

Answer 20

central cord syndrome eg syringomyelia

Question 21

a chiari malformation is associated with what condition

Answer 21

syringomyelia

Question 22

name the 2 types of dura

Answer 22

periosteal

meningeal

Question 23

young patient with head trauma with a haemorrhage

Answer 23

extradural

Question 24

imaging findings of extradural haemorrhage

Answer 24

hyperdense biconvex lens appearance

Question 25

low impact head trauma in an older patient causing haemorrhage?

Answer 25

chronic subdural haemorrhage

Question 26

presentation of chronic subdural hameorrhage

Answer 26

progressive headache and confusion

Question 27

"hypodense crescent shaped appearance"

Answer 27

chronic subdural haemorrhage

Question 28

subarachnoid haemorrhage is mainly caused by an issue with ___ blood supply

Answer 28

arterial

Question 29

how is definitive diagnosis for SAH found?

Answer 29

CT angiogram

Question 30

"hyperdense signal in SA space"

Answer 30

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 31

spontaneous SAH cause

Answer 31

berry aneurysm most likely

Question 32

a hemorrhage in the bridging cerebral vein will arise between what menines?

Answer 32

dura | arachnoid

Question 33

acute SAH will show up white on CT T or F

Answer 33

T

Question 34

patient with HT, bradycardia, irregular bleeding and extensor response.....

Answer 34

cerebral herniation from increased ICP

Question 35

what type of herniation can cause an unreactive pupil

Answer 35

uncal herniation

Question 36

what does it mean if hoffman's sign is positive?

Answer 36

the patient has an UMN lesion

Question 37

define radiculopathy? what MN signs does it cause?

Answer 37

nerve pain along a specific nerve that has been damaged | LMN lesions

Question 38

myelopathy causes what MN signs?

Answer 38

UMN

Question 39

what investigation would differeniate between spinal stenosis and vascular claudication

Answer 39

ABPI - if normal lumbar stenosis

Question 40

middle part of brain is supplied by,,,

Answer 40

ACA

Question 41

main 3 symptoms of ant circulation stroke (middle, ant or both)? how do you decifer between partial and total?

Answer 41

higher cerebral dysfunction eg speech issue homonomous visual field defect ipsilateral motor/sensory deficit of at least 2 areas ``` 2/3 = partial ant stroke 3/3= total ant stroke ```

Question 42

main 3posterior circulation stroke symptoms

Answer 42

cerebellar dysfunction isolated homonymous visual field defect cranial nerve dysfunction NO ARM/LEG INVOLVEMENT

Question 43

main symptoms of lacunar stroke

Answer 43

a pure motor or pure sensory loss

Question 44

main function of the parietal lobe

Answer 44

comprehension of language | R+L brain stuff eg knowledge of body parts

Question 45

primary auditory cortex is located in...

Answer 45

superior temporal gyrus

Question 46

oculomotor nucleus is located in...

Answer 46

the midbrain

Question 47

a left superior quadrantopia indicates a lesion in what lobe and side of the brain

Answer 47

right temporal lobe

Question 48

if you're right handed your dominant brain side is...

Answer 48

the left

Question 49

there is impaired __gaze in hydrocephalus

Answer 49

up

Question 50

"cluster" headache with ptosis and miosis.... | why is this the diagnosis

Answer 50

carotid dissection | sympathetics will be damaged from the dissection so pupil wont dilate

Question 51

3rd nerve palsy can be due to an aneurysm in what artery?

Answer 51

posterior communicating artery

Question 52

obese lady on the pill who has headaches worse on coughing and double vision...

Answer 52

IIH

Question 53

most likely nerve palsy in IIH

Answer 53

6th nerve palsy