Neurosurgery Module: Neurovascular

Question 1

anterior circulation of the brain originates from…

Answer 1

the internal carotid arteries

Question 2

posterior circulation of the brain originates from…

Answer 2

basilar artery

Question 3

level of the carotid bifurcation

Answer 3

C4

Question 4

the internal carotid artery transverses what foramen?

Answer 4

foramen lacerum

Question 5

the anterior cerebral artery arches over what structure in the ____ fissure

Answer 5

corpus callosum

longitudinal

Question 6

basal ganglia are supplied by what artery?

Answer 6

middle cerebral

Question 7

vertebral artery arises from..

Answer 7

the subclavian artery

Question 8

main branch of the vertebral arteries?

Answer 8

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 9

where does the basilar artery terminate?

Answer 9

interpeduncular cistern

Question 10

most common cause of haemorrhage in adults <40

Answer 10

arteriovenous malformation

Question 11

most common feature of arteriovenous malformation?

Answer 11

intracerebral haemorrhage

Question 12

2nd most common feature of AVM

Answer 12

seizures

Question 13

frontal lobe AVMs are associated with what kind of seizure?

Answer 13

generalised

Question 14

temporal lobe AVMs are associated with what kind of seizure?

Answer 14

focal

Question 15

Ix for AVM

Answer 15

catheter angiography

Question 16

Tx for AVM

Answer 16

surgery

Question 17

“thunderclap headache”

Answer 17

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 18

what area of the brain circulation has a higher risk of rupturing in the brain?

Answer 18

posterior

Question 19

what disease increases risk of SAH

Answer 19

PKD

Question 20

how long does a thunderclap headache last

Answer 20

1hr

Question 21

symptoms of meningeal irritation

Answer 21

neck stiffness

photophobia

Question 22

Ix for SAH

Answer 22

CT
lumbar puncture if normal CT
CT angio to identify location

Question 23

most common electrolyte disturbance in SAH

Answer 23

hyponatraemia

Question 24

what type of cavernous malformation presents with multiple malformations

Answer 24

familial cavernous malformations

Question 25

gene associated with familial cavernous malformation

Answer 25

CCM1

Question 26

what form of cavernous malformation presents with a single lesion?

Answer 26

sporadic

Question 27

most common symptom of cavernous malformation

Answer 27

seizures but can also get neuro deficit/haemorrhage

Question 28

Ix for cavernous malformation

Answer 28

CT | MRI

Question 29

"popcorn like" lesion on MRI

Answer 29

cavernous malformation

Question 30

Tx of cavernous malformation

Answer 30

observe | surgery

Question 31

associated diseases with brain aneurysms?

Answer 31

PKD fibromuscular dysplasia ehlers danlos

Question 32

whos at increased risk of an aneurysm rupture

Answer 32

older females smokers previous aneurysms HT

Question 33

most aneurysms arise from the ___ circulation

Answer 33

anterior

Question 34

what type of aneurysm arises from septic emboli

Answer 34

mycotic

Question 35

an aneurysm where can cause a 3rd nerve palsy?

Answer 35

posteror communicating artery

Question 36

an aneurysm where can compress the optic chiasm?

Answer 36

anterior communicating artery

Question 37

name investigations for stroke and why you'd do them

Answer 37

``` FBC - blood idsorders renal function - CKD glucose- diabetes ESR- giant cell arteritis, vasculitis ECG- AF MRI- brain damage carotid doppler- carotid stenosis ```

Question 38

what visual field defect is most common in stroke?

Answer 38

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 39

stroke lesions can affect the __ motor neurone of the facial nerve

Answer 39

upper