Neurosurgery Module: Neurovascular Flashcards Preview

3 Neurology > Neurosurgery Module: Neurovascular > Flashcards

Flashcards in Neurosurgery Module: Neurovascular Deck (39)
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1
Q

anterior circulation of the brain originates from…

A

the internal carotid arteries

2
Q

posterior circulation of the brain originates from…

A

basilar artery

3
Q

level of the carotid bifurcation

A

C4

4
Q

the internal carotid artery transverses what foramen?

A

foramen lacerum

5
Q

the anterior cerebral artery arches over what structure in the ____ fissure

A

corpus callosum

longitudinal

6
Q

basal ganglia are supplied by what artery?

A

middle cerebral

7
Q

vertebral artery arises from..

A

the subclavian artery

8
Q

main branch of the vertebral arteries?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

9
Q

where does the basilar artery terminate?

A

interpeduncular cistern

10
Q

most common cause of haemorrhage in adults <40

A

arteriovenous malformation

11
Q

most common feature of arteriovenous malformation?

A

intracerebral haemorrhage

12
Q

2nd most common feature of AVM

A

seizures

13
Q

frontal lobe AVMs are associated with what kind of seizure?

A

generalised

14
Q

temporal lobe AVMs are associated with what kind of seizure?

A

focal

15
Q

Ix for AVM

A

catheter angiography

16
Q

Tx for AVM

A

surgery

17
Q

“thunderclap headache”

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

18
Q

what area of the brain circulation has a higher risk of rupturing in the brain?

A

posterior

19
Q

what disease increases risk of SAH

A

PKD

20
Q

how long does a thunderclap headache last

A

1hr

21
Q

symptoms of meningeal irritation

A

neck stiffness

photophobia

22
Q

Ix for SAH

A

CT
lumbar puncture if normal CT
CT angio to identify location

23
Q

most common electrolyte disturbance in SAH

A

hyponatraemia

24
Q

what type of cavernous malformation presents with multiple malformations

A

familial cavernous malformations

25
Q

gene associated with familial cavernous malformation

A

CCM1

26
Q

what form of cavernous malformation presents with a single lesion?

A

sporadic

27
Q

most common symptom of cavernous malformation

A

seizures but can also get neuro deficit/haemorrhage

28
Q

Ix for cavernous malformation

A

CT

MRI

29
Q

“popcorn like” lesion on MRI

A

cavernous malformation

30
Q

Tx of cavernous malformation

A

observe

surgery

31
Q

associated diseases with brain aneurysms?

A

PKD
fibromuscular dysplasia
ehlers danlos

32
Q

whos at increased risk of an aneurysm rupture

A

older females
smokers
previous aneurysms
HT

33
Q

most aneurysms arise from the ___ circulation

A

anterior

34
Q

what type of aneurysm arises from septic emboli

A

mycotic

35
Q

an aneurysm where can cause a 3rd nerve palsy?

A

posteror communicating artery

36
Q

an aneurysm where can compress the optic chiasm?

A

anterior communicating artery

37
Q

name investigations for stroke and why you’d do them

A
FBC - blood idsorders
renal function - CKD
glucose- diabetes
ESR- giant cell arteritis, vasculitis
ECG- AF
MRI- brain damage
carotid doppler- carotid stenosis
38
Q

what visual field defect is most common in stroke?

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

39
Q

stroke lesions can affect the __ motor neurone of the facial nerve

A

upper