Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3 Neurology > Neurology Revision Night > Flashcards

Neurology Revision Night Flashcards

(95 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what “nucleus” is one of the first parts of the brain affected in alzheimers?

A

nucleus basalis of meynert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pathophysiological cause of the genetic element of huntingtons?

A

genetic anticipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the symptomatic triad in parkinson’s

A

rigidity
tremor
bradykinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 2 parkinson’s plus conditions

A

progressive supranuclear palsy

multiple system atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

main presentation of multiple system atrophy?

A

parkinsonism PLUS:

autonomic features eg orthostatic hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main presentation of progressive supranuclear palsy?

A

parkinsonism PLUS:

vertical gaze problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

parkinsons plus syndromes respond well to levodopa T or F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CT sign of an acute MCA infarction?

A

MCA sign (hyperdense MCA (white artery) on CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

your risk of developing alzheimers is higher in down syndrome T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

frequency of the resting tremor in parkinsons?

A

4-6Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hemiballism is a form of what movement disorder?

A

chorea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cause of hemiballism?

A

decrease in activity of the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia eg by a lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

huntington’s presents with chorea T or F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is the onset of vascular parkinsonism different to that of PD?

A

its more sudden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the presentation of vascular parkinsonism differ from PD?

A

begins in the lower body whereas PD tends to arise in the hands first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

who gets sydenham’s chorea?

A

girls and young women (5-15yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cause of sydenham’s chorea?

A

rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

main symptoms of sydenham’s chorea

A

widespread chorea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“autosomal, postural tremor” describes what kind of tremor

A

resting tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cerebellar lesions cause what kind of tremor

A

intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe the findings on CSF on an MS patient

A

presence of oligoclonal bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

opening pressure is/isnt elevated in the CSF of a patient with viral meningitis

A

isnt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what kind of white cells are found in TB meningitis?

A 
mainly lymphocytes (80%)
polymorphs (20%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

opaque CSF that forms a fibrin web when left indicates what type of meningitis?

A

TB meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
protein is __ and glucose is __ in TB meningitis
high | low
26
xanthochromia in CSF indicates what condition?
SAH
27
creutzfeldt jakob disease is an example of what group of diseases?
prion disease
28
symptoms of creutzfeldt jakob disease?
dementia | myoclonus
29
presence of what in the CSF indicates creutzfeldt jakob disease?
14-3-3 protein
30
most useful initial investigation for alzheimers?
MMSE
31
what type of dementia is MMSE not recommended for and why?
FTD | memory not affected as much
32
1st line Ix for FTD?
MRI
33
most useful initial investigation for vascular dementia?
SPECT
34
1st line drug for focal seizures?
lamotrigine
35
1st line drug for generalised seizures?
sodium valproate
36
what drug should be given for generalised seizures in young women?
lamotrigine
37
valproate MoA
increases Na channel inactivation with increased GABA concentration
38
1st line Tx for absence seizures?
ethosuxamide | valproate can also be used
39
MoA of ethosuxamide?
blocks T type calcium channels
40
uncontrolled hypertension causes what kind of stroke?
haemorrhagic
41
Tx of stroke if under 4.5hrs?
thrombolysis then aspirin + clopidogrel
42
Tx of stroke if >4.5hrs?
give aspirin and hope for the best
43
haemorrhagic stroke management?
give mannitol | control hypertension with antihypertensives
44
what should you do if someone with a CVA then has a seizure?
give anti-epileptic eg carbamazepine or lamotrigine
45
what is phenytoin and when would you use it?
anti-epileptic | status epilepticus only as its v potent
46
prophylactic drugs for cardioembolic stroke?
rivaroxaban/warfarin
47
patient with bilateral double vision and ptosis that gets worse throughout the day...
myaesthenia gravis
48
most useful Ix for myaesthenia gravis?
anti-AchR antibodies
49
if the thymus is suspected to be involved in MG what should be done?
CT
50
carbemazepine is teratogenic T or F
T
51
side effects of carbemazepine?
hyponatraemia ataxia blurred vision vertigo
52
3Hz spike waves on EEG...
absence seizures
53
when should you remove the pill in a woman who has migraines and why?
if they have aura | at an increased risk of stroke
54
pharmacological Tx of migraine?
sumatriptan NSAID anti-emetic
55
triptans are contraindicated in what condition?
heart problems
56
right supra/retroorbital pain with ipsilateral ptosis and miosis that lasts over 30 mins..
cluster headache
57
when are cluster headaches worse?
at night
58
left supraorbital pain with ipsilateral nasal congestion about 20 times a day lasting 10-30mins
paroxysmal hemicrania
59
why should you avoid metaclopramide in parkinson's?
crosses the BBB fast so can cause more side effects
60
what anti-emetic should be used in PD and why?
domperidone | doesn't enter the CNS as fast as metoclopramide
61
what anti-psychotic causes extrapyramidal side effects?
haloperidol
62
what drug should be given in acute psychosis from parkinson's?
quetiapine
63
gram positive flagellated rod on gram stain in a patient with suspected meningitis?
listeria
64
name the 3 groups at risk of listeria?
pregnant women elderly children
65
most common meningitis bacteria in young people?
neisseria
66
neisseria is gram ___
negative
67
what bacteria is common in infection from cribriform plate injuries?
strep pneumoniae
68
number 1 bacterial cause of meningitis in neonates
group b strep
69
main bacterial causes of meningitis in infants?
meningococcus | haemophilus
70
main bacterial causes of meningitis in teens?
meningococcus
71
what neurotransmitter has a sedetary effect
GABA (it is an INHIBITORY neurotransmitter)
72
drug of choice for spasticity in MS? why is this?
baclofen | is a GABA derivative so works as a sedative
73
drug of choice for fatigue in MS? what kind of drug is it?
amantadine | dopamine agonist
74
amantadine should be avoided in what condition?
epilepsy
75
1st line treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain?
carbemazapine
76
what is the internal capsule of the brain and what does it do?
bunch of projection fibres that help the cerebral cortex communicate with the rest of the brain
77
will damage to the internal capsule of the brain cause sensory or motor symptoms?
BOTH!! (contains both types of fibres)
78
a lesion in what structure would cause full body paralysis except eye movement? why is this?
basilar artery | branches supply the pons and medulla so only midbrain cranial nerves would work
79
what investigation confirms diagnosis of guillain barre?
neurophysiology
80
patient presents with deteriorating paralysis after a campylobacter infection....
GBS
81
what kind of paralysis does GBS present with?
ascending sensorimotor
82
what should be done if anti-AchR antibodies are negative in suspected MG?
test anti-musk
83
lambert eaton syndrome is __synaptic
pre
84
MG is __synaptic
post
85
Ix for lambert eaton syndrome?
anti-BGCC
86
symptoms improve/worsen with exercise in LES?
improve
87
what muscles are mainly involved in LES?
lower limb big muscles
88
associated condition with MG?
thymoma
89
associated condition with LES?
small cell lung cancer
90
Tx of LES?
3,4-diaminopyridine
91
4 main symptoms of LBD?
dementia fluctuating conscious levels recurrent visual hallycinations parkinsonian features -> falls
92
triad of symptoms in NPH?
incontinence, ataxia, dementia
93
patient presents with visual/auditory hallucinations, seizures and meningism?
herpes simplex encephalitis
94
why do you get hallucinations in HSV encephalitis?
tends to affect the temporal lobe which contains the meyers loop for superior vision (visual hallucinations) and middle ear (auditory)
95
what symptoms are more prominent in encephalitis and not in meningitis
headache fever altered consciousness hallucinations

3 Neurology (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions