Fortified Wine

Question 1

What are the three grapes of Jerez

Answer 1

PX Pedro Ximenez
Palomino
Muscat

Question 2

Why is the Palomino grape ideal for Sherry

Answer 2

it’s low in acid and lacks aromas which works for sherry styles that undergo biological or oxidative maturation

Question 3

Why is PX grape ideal for sweet Sherries

Answer 3

Because it’s a thin skin grape that is likely to sun dry in the hot climate and has little aromas.

Question 4

Which grape is just to make dry sherry

Answer 4

Palomino

Question 5

What is the typical characteristic of MUSCAT

Answer 5

Low to med acidity with perfume aromas ofOrange blossom rose and grape

Question 6

Why is Muscat not raisined after picking in fortified wine

Answer 6

Because the dried fruit flavors would mask the pure aromas and flavors of the grape

Question 7

What practice is used to give aged Rutherglen fortified wines luscious sweetness

Answer 7

Raisining prior to picking to concentrate the sugar

Question 8

What are the two styles of Muscat

Answer 8

Youthful, unaged and full development after extended aging

Question 9

At what alcohol level is the spirit that is used to stop fermentation in fortified wine

Answer 9

96% abv

Question 10

What is the style of Rutherglen fortified wine

Answer 10

Developed, Luscious and Aged in warm conditions, oxidative aromas

Question 11

What is the style of Muscat Beaune de Venise fortified wine

Answer 11

Youthful, unaged, sweet but not luscious, pure fruit aromas

Question 12

What are the two coastal cities that produce PORT

Answer 12

Porto

Vila Nova de Gaia

Question 13

What are the three vineyards sub regions of port

Answer 13

Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior

Question 14

What is the climate and effecting components of the port vineyards

Answer 14

Warm Continental with the Serra do Marao shielding Cool rainy Winds from the Atlantic

Question 15

What is the climate difference of Baixo Corgo from other regions in port

Answer 15

Coolest and wettest

Question 16

What are the climate challenges for Jerez

Answer 16

Spring Frost and heavy rain disrupting flowering, Hot summers with low rain. Schists bedrock reserves water from winter rains

Question 17

What is the description of SOCALCOS terraces where vines are planted

Answer 17

Supported by Stone walls, narrow rows, no machine harvest is possible. Walls are expensive to maintain

Question 18

Port: What is the description of PATAMARES Terrace where vines are planted

Answer 18

Built without walls, wide enough for machine harvest, prone to erosion

Question 19

What is the description of VINHA AO ALTO where vines are planted

Answer 19

Unterraced, low slopes, roads cut across slopes where machines operate, prone erosion

Question 20

What are the grape variety of port

Answer 20

TOURIGA NACIONAL
TOURIGA Franca 
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barroca

Question 21

To create sweetness, fermentation is stopped by fortification in Port wines once alcohol reaches what level

Answer 21

5 - 9% abv

Question 22

How long does fermentation last in port and what are the results

Answer 22

24-36 hours

Not enough tannin and color extraction

Question 23

What are the techniques used to extract color and tannin for port

Answer 23

Foot treading
Autovinifers
Piston plungers
Robotic lagares

Question 24

What is the strongest amount of spirit used for port wine

Answer 24

77% abv

Question 25

What is the name of the spirit used in port

Answer 25

Aguardente

Question 26

Where are PORTS transported to mature

Answer 26

The cooler coastal area of vila nova de Gaia

Question 27

Where are TWANY PORTS transported to mature

Answer 27

Warmer region of Douro for faster aging and loss of color

Question 28

How are ruby style PORTS aged

Answer 28

Short period of time in large old oak or stainless steel to retain primary fruit flavors

Question 29

How are tawny style PORTS aged

Answer 29

Long oxidative maturation in barrels called pipes fading primary fruit notes.

Question 30

What are the categories of port

Answer 30

Reserve/reserva
Vintage
Late bottle vintage LBV
Tawny with age indicator 10,20,30,40

Question 31

LBV indicates what amount of aging time

Answer 31

Wine aged in bottle btw 4-6 years

Question 32

Reserva indicates

Answer 32

High quality port or tawny

Reserva Tawny wood aged minimum 6years

Question 33

Vintage wines indicate

Answer 33

Aged in large oak or stainless steel

Producer must register intent to make 2nd year AFTER harvest and bottled the 3rd year

Question 34

What is the criteria for classifying wines for Oxidative aging

Answer 34

• grapes grown in warm, inland vineyards
• high temp fermentation
• dark, rich and heavy wine

Question 35

What is the criteria for classifying wines for Biological aging

Answer 35

Grapes grown in cool, coastal vineyards
Cool fermentation
Pale, light with Finesse wine

Question 36

What is Sobretabla

Answer 36

The period of months the fortified wines is examined to see if Flor develops before merging in the Solera system.

Question 37

What gives biological ages sherry its flavors

Answer 37

Acetaldehyde that is form when the flor feeds off of oxygen and alcohol in the wine.

Question 38

Most solera systems wines are blended from other solera systems. True or False

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What are the Natural sweet oxidative styles

Answer 39

Muscat (oxidative)

PX (oxidative)

Question 40

What are the sweeten style sherry

Answer 40

Pale Cream - Biological
Medium Cream - biological and oxidative
Cream - oxidative

Question 41

What are the dry style sherry

Answer 41

Fino (Bio)
Manzanilla (Bio)
Amontillado (Bio Oxi)
Oloroso (Oxi)
Palo Cortado (Bio Oxi)

Question 42

In order to thrive flor needs what

Answer 42

Humidity
Right temperature (cool-moderate)
Alcohol

Question 43

What is the rare, high quality style of sherry

Answer 43

Palo Cortado