Foundations Flashcards
including components of communication, speech systems, and speech science
1
Q
extralinguistic components
A
- metalinguistic
- paralinguistic
- nonlinguistic
2
Q
components of communication
A
- extralinguistic
- speech
- language
3
Q
metalinguistic
A
study of language and relationship with other behaviors
4
Q
paralinguistic
A
communication aspects that are not words (i.e., gestures)
5
Q
nonlinguistic
A
sounds not relating to language (i.e., laughing)
6
Q
speech components
A
- respiration
- phonation
- resonation
- articulation
7
Q
language components
A
- form
- content
- use
8
Q
form includes…
A
- phonology
- syntax
- morphology
9
Q
phonology
A
- sounds
- no meaning attributed to individual sounds
10
Q
syntax
A
- word order
- words strung together to form sentences
11
Q
morphology
A
- word endings
- phonemes strings, smallest unit of meaning
12
Q
content includes…
A
semantics
13
Q
semantics
A
- word meanings
- morphemes that are strung together to form words
- vocabulary and word definitions
14
Q
use includes
A
pragmatics
15
Q
pragmatics
A
- social rules
- language rules and how we use language
- code switching and situational language
16
Q
respiration
A
- power and energy for speech
- 2 phases: inhalation and exhalation
17
Q
inhalation
A
- diaphragm contracts and air rushes into lungs
- abdomen expands and then chest expands
18
Q
exhalation
A
diaphragm relaxes forcing air back out of lungs
19
Q
phonation
A
- rapid vibration of vocal folds
- creates acoustic energy (i.e., voice)
20
Q
phonation: pitch
A
frequency of vibration
21
Q
phonation: loudness
A
intensity of the sound
22
Q
phonation: quality
A
the sound quality of the voice
23
Q
resonation
A
- modification of the voice by various cavities and structures
- pharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, oral cavity
24
Q
articulation
A
- redefining and manipulating phonation into distinct sounds
- lips, teeth, alveolar ridge, tongue, hard palate, soft palate/velum
25
acoustics
branch of physics that studies properties of sound
26
inertia
resistance when force is exerted upon an object
27
elasticity
tendency for an object to return to its original state
28
cycle
- each individual vibration
- period and frequency
29
amplitude (A)
- maximum displacement of particles in a medium
- perceptually related to intensity/loudness, not 1:1 relationship
30
frequency (F)
- rate at which object vibrates: number of cycles in 1 second (Hz)
- perceptually related to pitch, not 1:1 relationship
31
period (T)
- amount of time required for 1 complete cycle
- need period of wave to figure out the frequency
32
pure tones
- has only 1 frequency
- sinusoidal motion or simple harmonic motion
33
sine waves
periodic, cycles will repeat themselves identically
34
complex periodic waves
- complex = more than 1 frequency present
- periodic = the complex pattern repeats over time
35
complex aperiodic waves
- complex = more than 1 frequency present
- aperiodic = no cyclical or pattern behavior
36
fundamental frequency (F0)
lowest pure tone component of sound
37
partials/overtones
all other frequencies present in a sound (excluding fundamental)
38
harmonics
1st harmonic - F0 --> 2nd harmonic - 2(F0) --> 3rd harmonic - 3(F0)
