FP-C #7

Question 1

Qualitative tests

Answer 1

analysis that can identify whether or not a substance is present (uses colors)

Question 2

Inotropic

Answer 2

process that influences the contractility of muscular tissue (can be positive or negative)

Question 3

Chronotropic

Answer 3

process that influences the heart rate (can be positive or negative)

Question 4

First-order elimination

Answer 4

characterized by a medication’s rate of elimination being dependent on its concentration in plasma

Question 5

First-pass effect

Answer 5

the initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream

Question 6

Sympathomimetic

Answer 6

medication that mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Tolerance

Answer 7

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a medication

Question 8

Mechanism of action

Answer 8

explains how a drug works and produces its desirable and sometime undesirable effects

Question 9

Interference

Answer 9

a direct biochemical interaction between two drugs

Question 10

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 10

an abnormal reaction to a medication that most persons DO NOT experience

Question 11

Therapeutic index

Answer 11

the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug

Question 12

Half-life

Answer 12

the time required to eliminate half of the amount of the medication from the plasma

Question 13

Drug interaction

Answer 13

alteration in the pharmacologic activity of a given drug caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs

Question 14

Depolarizing agents

Answer 14

medications that cause neuromuscular blockake by binding and briefly activating receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, preventing further activation of these sites and causing chemical paraylsis

Question 15

Duration of action

Answer 15

the length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a pharmacological response

Question 16

Drug antagonism

Answer 16

the interaction between two drugs where one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other

Question 17

Onset of action

Answer 17

the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosing

Question 18

Non-depolarizing agents

Answer 18

medications designed to cause paralysis with stimulating the neuromuscular junction

Question 19

Bioavailibility

Answer 19

subcategory of absorption (the percentage of the admin drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation)

Question 20

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 20

the study of the movement of drugs and their metabolites through the body from absorption to excretion

Question 21

Iatrogenic response

Answer 21

an adverse condition inadvertently induced in a patient by the treatment given.

Question 22

Inhibition

Answer 22

phenomenon characterized by the presence of one medication decreasing the effect of another

Question 23

Acetylcholine

Answer 23

the neurotransmitter substance that is released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions

Question 24

Cross-tolerance

Answer 24

tolerance for a medication one has not taken before as a result of using another medication in the same drug class

Question 25

Potentiation

Answer 25

drug interaction that occurs when the effect of one medication is increased by another medication

Question 26

Synergism

Answer 26

when combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone

Question 27

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 27

the study of interactions between drugs and their receptors and the series of events that result in a pharmacologic response

Question 28

Dromotropic

Answer 28

process that influences the conduction velocity of nerve or muscle fibers (can be positive or negative)

Question 29

Cumulative effect

Answer 29

the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug that occurs when the rate of administration exceeds the rate of metabolism or excretion

Question 30

Quantitative test

Answer 30

analysis that can identify quantity or actual number counts (uses numbers)

Question 31

Vaughan-Williams classification scheme

Answer 31

used to organize arrhythmic medications

Question 32

Tachyphylaxis

Answer 32

reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time

Question 33

Nicotinic receptors

Answer 33

cholinergic receptors that bind with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Question 34

Side effects

Answer 34

effects of medications other than the desired medical effects

Question 35

Summation effect

Answer 35

the process whereby multiple medications can produce a response that the individual medications alone do not produce

Question 36

Minimum effective dose

Answer 36

the lowest amount of a medication that is able to produce the desired effect (aka therapeutic dose)

Question 37

Steady state

Answer 37

when the rate of medication administration equals the rate of medication elimination

Question 38

Termination of action

Answer 38

the amount of time between the point the medication's concentration falls below the minimum effective level through when it is eliminated from the body