FP-C #8

Question 1

Sedative-hypnotic agents

Answer 1

depresses the CNS and also provides some anesthesia –> relaxes muscle and brain

Question 2

Antiarrhythmic class I medications

Answer 2

blocks sodium channels–> reduces myocardial conduction and automaticity–> slows HR and conduction

Question 3

Anxiolytics

Answer 3

depresses the CNS–> calming and sedates - lowers BP and HR

Question 4

Calcium

Answer 4

improves contractions and stabilizes heart cells

Question 5

5- hydroxytriptamine receptor antagonist antiemetics

Answer 5

selectively blocks serotonin receptors in the medulla–> reduces nausea/vomiting

Question 6

Direct vasodilator medications

Answer 6

causes direct dilation of arterial smooth muscle–> lowers BP and reduces SVR

Question 7

Magnesium sulfate

Answer 7

calms muscle cells and slows SA conduction–> corrects convulsions in eclampsia, corrects torsades, corrects hypomagnesemia

Question 8

Phenothiazine antiemetics

Answer 8

blocks dopamine in the cerebral medulla–> suppresses the vomiting center - also has some antihistamine action

Question 9

Ultra short-acting nonbarbituate hypnotic agents: etomidate type

Answer 9

depresses the CNS –> relaxes muscles and brain

Question 10

Nitrates

Answer 10

arterial and venous smooth muscle relaxant–> vasodilates–> lowers BP and increases coronary blood flow

Question 11

Barbituates

Answer 11

depresses the sensory cortex–> prevents Sz and sedates - lowers BP and HR

Question 12

Alpha-adrenergic antagonists

Answer 12

blocks alpha receptors–> prevents vasoconstriction–> BP lowers

Question 13

ACE inhibitors

Answer 13

prevents angiotensin -aldosterone system–> lowers BP

Question 14

Benzodiazepines

Answer 14

depresses the CNS through GABA inhibition –> relaxes muscles and brain- lowers BP and HR

Question 15

Antiarrhythmic class II medications

Answer 15

blocks beta I receptors–> slows HR

Question 16

Histamine-2 blocker

Answer 16

blocks histamine 2 receptors–> reduces gastric acids

Question 17

Ultra short-acting nonbarbituate hypnotic agents: ketamine type

Answer 17

depresses the CNS and releases small amounts of chatecholamines –> relaxes muscles and brain without hemodynamic drop

Question 18

Corticosterioids

Answer 18

reduces inflammation –> returns bronchial wall to more normal size –> improves airflow

Question 19

NSAIDs

Answer 19

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis–> reducing pain

Question 20

Antisecretory medications

Answer 20

reduces intestinal secretions and motility–> palliates esophageal varices

Question 21

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 21

paralysis WITHOUT stimulation of the neuromuscular junction

Question 22

Anticoagulants

Answer 22

impair platelet aggregation or activation ability–> prevents clots

Question 23

Opioids

Answer 23

stimulates opioid receptor–> reduces the sensation of pain, lowers mental status, BP, HR and RR

Question 24

Glucagon

Answer 24

causes release of blood sugar into liver and reverses beta blocker/calcium channel blocker tox

Question 25

Beta-agonists

Answer 25

cause a sympathetic response --> raises HR and bronchodilates- can be selective

Question 26

Histamine-1 blocker

Answer 26

blocks histamine 1 receptors--> prevents/corrects bronchospasm, allergy, or analphylaxis - potentiates opioids

Question 27

Thrombolytics (fibrinolytics)

Answer 27

converts plasminogen to plasmin--> breaks apart clots

Question 28

Anticholinergic medications

Answer 28

block acetylcholine receptors--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation

Question 29

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 29

alkalizing agent--> increases urinary and serum pH--> corrects acidosis

Question 30

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Answer 30

paralysis from stimulation of the neuromuscular junction

Question 31

Antiarrhythmic class III medications

Answer 31

blocks potassium channels--> delays repolarization and increases refractory period--> prepares heart for a safe 'next' beat

Question 32

Potassium chloride

Answer 32

replaces lost potassium

Question 33

Prostaglandin E

Answer 33

causes direct relaxation of the ductus arteriosis and vascular smooth muscle--> corrects some congenital heart conditions of a newborn

Question 34

Antiarrhythmic class IV medications

Answer 34

blocks calcium channels---> slows HR and lowers BP

Question 35

Hydantoin anticonvulsants

Answer 35

decreases cellular sodium in the CNS--> relaxes the brain and reduces the possibility of seizures

Question 36

Catecholamines

Answer 36

mimics fight or flight response--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation

Question 37

Anticholinergic bronchodilators

Answer 37

blocks acetylcholine at bronchial smooth muscle receptor sites --> opens airways

Question 38

Diuretic medications

Answer 38

prevents renal absorbtion of water--> reduces pulmonary/peripheral edema and SVR

Question 39

Theophylline derivitives

Answer 39

blocks phosphodiesterase --> sympathetic response --> raises HR and bronchodilates

Question 40

Opioid antagonist

Answer 40

blocks the opioid receptor--> corrects AMS from opioid OD