Fractures & Bone Conditions

Question 1

Bone formation

Answer 1

Osteoblasts

Question 2

Matured Osteoblasts

Answer 2

Osteocytes

Question 3

Bone resorption

Answer 3

Osteoclasts

Question 4

Enchondral Dev’t Process

Answer 4

Hyaline Cartilage -> Invaded by blood vessels -> Replaced by bone

Question 5

Membranous Dev’t Process

Answer 5

Osteoid matrix -> Calcifies -> Bone

Question 6

Example of Enchondral bones

Answer 6

Sternum
Ribs
Scapulae
Spine
Pelvis
Long bones

Question 7

Example of Membranous bones

Answer 7

Cranial Vault
Facial bones

Question 8

BMD is influenced by:

Answer 8

Hormonal status
Dietary intake
Weight bearing activities

Question 9

Peak of bone mass

Answer 9

1st 3 decades of life (35 y/o)

Question 10

Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

Answer 10

Reduced Osteoblastic activity
Increased Osteoclastic activity

Question 11

MC area of fx in Osteoporosis

Answer 11

Midthoracic
Upper lumbar
Hip
Distal forearm

Question 12

Modifiable Risk Factors (Osteoporosis)

Answer 12

Smoking
Alcoholism
Low Calcium intake
Early Pregnancy
Sedentary Lifestyle

Caffeine intake
Anorexia
Medication
Early Menarche

Question 13

MC prescribed tx in Osteoporosis

Answer 13

Estrogen Therapy

Question 14

MC form of short limb Dwarfism

Answer 14

Achondroplasia

Question 15

Echondral Osteogenesis is retarded and ceased early

Answer 15

Achondroplasia

Question 16

Characteristics of Achondroplasia

Answer 16

Brachycephalic
Small Face
Broad Forehead
Flat Nose
Prominent Jaw
Short Stature (4ft), Arms & Legs
Main en Trident
Bowing of Femur & Tibia

Question 17

Milder form of Achondroplasia
Almost normal face & cranium

Answer 17

Hypochondroplasia

Question 18

Normal Face & Cranium with short stature

Not obvious at birth (2 y/o)

Answer 18

Pseudoachondroplasia

Question 19

Changes in Metaphysis that is similar to Rickets

Answer 19

Metaphyseal chondroplasia

Question 20

Chondroectodermal Dysplasia AKA

Answer 20

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome

Question 21

Chondroectodermal Dysplasia Manifestations

Answer 21

Polydactyly
Dysplastic Fingernails

Question 22

Chondrodysplasia Punctata AKA

Answer 22

Stippled Epiphyses

Question 23

Irregularly stippled calcification in epiphysis

Answer 23

Chondrodysplasia Punctata or Stippled Epiphyses

Question 24

Facial Features seen in Chondrodysplasia Punctata

Answer 24

Mongoloid Facie

Question 25

Diastrophic Dwarfism Manifestations

Answer 25

External ear deformity Club foot Kyphoscoliosis Hitchhiker's Thumb

Question 26

Regions of increased bone mass

Answer 26

Osteosclerosis

Question 27

Marble bone

Answer 27

Osteopetrosis

Question 28

Osteropetrosis (X-ray)

Answer 28

(+) Celery stalk (bone within bone appearance)

Question 29

Spotted bone

Answer 29

Osteopoikilosis

Question 30

Muscle and fascia transform into immobile structures

Answer 30

Progressive Myositis Ossificans

Question 31

Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia AKA

Answer 31

Engelmann's Disease

Question 32

Bone Disorders (Autosomal Dominant)

Answer 32

Marble bone (Osteopetrosis) Achondroplasia Spotted bone (Osteopoikilosis) Hypochondroplasia Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Engelmann's Dse) Progressive Myositis Ossificans

Question 33

Bone Disorders (Autosomal Recessive)

Answer 33

Diastrophic Dwarfism Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome (Chondroectodermal Dysplasia)

Question 34

Bone Disorders (Both Autosomal Dominant & Recessive)

Answer 34

Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia Chondrodysplasia Punctata (Stippled Epiphyses)

Question 35

Subchondral Calcification d/t lack of Vit D in infants/children

Answer 35

Rickets

Question 36

Characteristics of Rickets

Answer 36

Coxa Vara Bow leg Scoliosis Delayed closure of Fontanels

Question 37

Adult Rickets

Answer 37

Osteomalacia

Question 38

Lack of Vit C

Answer 38

Scurvy

Question 39

Skeletal overgrowth

Answer 39

Hyperpituitarism (GIgantism)

Question 40

Decreased production of growth hormone

Answer 40

Hypopituitary Dwarfism

Question 41

Paget's Disease AKA

Answer 41

Osteitis Deformans

Question 42

Characteristics of Paget's Disease

Answer 42

Thickening of cranium Thickening & bowing of long bones Kyphosis

Question 43

Stages of Bone Healing

Answer 43

Hematoma Soft Callus Hard Callus Remodeling

Question 44

Bone Healing Time in Children

Answer 44

4-6 weeks

Question 45

Bone Healing Time in Adolescents

Answer 45

6-8 weeks

Question 46

Bone Healing Time in Adults

Answer 46

10-18 weeks

Question 47

Common Sites of Delayed Union

Answer 47

Tibia (20 weeks) Femur (20 weeks) Humerus (10 weeks)

Question 48

Classifies injuries of the Growth plate

Answer 48

Salter-Harris Classification

Question 49

Salter-Harris Classification I

Answer 49

Cartilage plate (Superficial)

Question 50

Salter-Harris Classification II

Answer 50

Growth plate and Metaphysis (Above)

Question 51

Salter-Harris Classification III

Answer 51

Epiphysis and Cartilage plate (Lower)

Question 52

Salter-Harris Classification IV

Answer 52

Epiphysis, Growth plate, Metaphysis (Through)

Question 53

Salter-Harris Classification V

Answer 53

Crushed growth plate (Erased)

Question 54

Garden Classification I

Answer 54

Incomplete femoral neck fx

Question 55

Garden Classification II

Answer 55

Complete undisplaced femoral neck fx

Question 56

Garden Classification III

Answer 56

Complete partially displaced femoral neck fx

Question 57

Garden Classification IV

Answer 57

Complete fully displaced femoral neck fx

Question 58

Le Fort Classification Type 1

Answer 58

Palate is separated from superior maxilla

Question 59

Le Fort Classification Type 2

Answer 59

Nasal bones, midportion of face & maxilla move

Question 60

Le Fort Classification Type 3

Answer 60

Middle of 3rd of face separates from upper 3rd of face Craniofacial separation