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France Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the only AOP that does not need to include iron their label?

A

Champagne

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2
Q

What is Bouvreux?

A

A second crop that is often unripened and left on the vine, rain is usually the factor that interrupts the flowering process

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3
Q

Total planting % for Champagnes grapes as of 2018

A

38%Pinot Noir
32% Pinot Meunier
30% Chardonnay

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4
Q

What other varieties are permitted in Champagne?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai (“true” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir),
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
Arbane

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5
Q

What are the 4 pruning methods permitted in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Vallée de la Marne
Guyot

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6
Q

Echelle du Cru status rankings?
GC?
PC?

A

17 villages have grand cru status

42 are classified as premier cru

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7
Q

NM

A

NM (Négociant Manipulant): A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses. Some NM houses own a significant portion of their own vineyards; others own none at all. Large Champagne houses with the most international presence are invariably in this category: Moët et Chandon, Louis Roederer, Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin, Billecart-Salmon, Lanson, Taittinger, Pol Roger, Perrier-Jouët, Mumm, and Laurent-Perrier. Quality varies widely, although prices are uniformly high

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8
Q

RM

A

RM (Récoltant Manipulant): A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards.

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9
Q

CM

A

CM (Coopérative Manipulant): A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.

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10
Q

SR

A

SR (Société de Récoltants): A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

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11
Q

ND

A

ND (Négociant Distributeur): A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.

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12
Q

MA

A

MA (Marque d’Acheteur): A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label.

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13
Q

Extraction limitations

A

extraction is limited to 102 liters from 160 kg of grapes, or 2,550 liters from 4,000 kg.

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14
Q

Vin de Cuvee?

A

the first 2,050 liters

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15
Q

Vin de Taille?

A

Following 500 litres Richer in pigment and tannin, used for structure or often sold off

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16
Q

Rebeche?

A

Rebêche, a third extraction is required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total. The rebêche is used for distillate

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17
Q

Débourbage

A

settling after pressing, at cool temperatures

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18
Q

Liqueur de tirage?

A

liqueur de tirage, a mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that will serve to ignite the second fermentation.

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19
Q

Prise de mousse?

A

Second fermentation

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20
Q

Explains what happens during secondary fermentation?

A

The secondary fermentation lasts up to eight weeks, as the yeast slowly converts the additional sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide. The alcohol content of the wine rises approximately 1.2-1.3%, and the carbon dioxide creates a pressure inside the bottle of five to six atmospheres.

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21
Q

What are the 7 AOP regions for crémant wines

A 
Crémant de Bordeaux, 
Crémant de Bourgogne,
Crémant de Loire, 
Crémant de Limoux, 
Crémant de Die, 
Crémant du Jura,
Crémant d’Alsace.
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22
Q

What are the districts of Champagne?

A 
Montagne de Reims
Vallee de la Marne
Cotes de Blancs
Cotes de Sezanne
Cotes de Bars (Aube)
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23
Q

What are the 3 AOP’s of Champagne

A

Champagne AOP
Cote de Champenois AOP
Rose de Riceys AOP

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24
Q

What are the Champagne Cru’s?

A

Champagne Grand Cru Villages 17
Champagne Premier Cru Villages 42
Champagne Special Club 28

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25
What are the 9 Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims?
In Montagne de Reims there are VAMPS Looking for BBlood ``` Verzy Verzernay Ambonnay Mailly- Champagne Puisieulx Sillery Louvois Bouzy Beaumont-sur-vesle ```
26
What are the Grand crus for Vallee de la Marne?
Vallee de la Marne is where its AT Ay Tours sur Marne (GC for red)
27
What are the Grand Crus for Cote de Blancs?
In Cote de Blancs they Love COCAO ``` Les Mensil sur Oger Chouilly (GC for white) Oger Cremant Oiry Avize ```
28
Major or notable premier Crus of Champagne?
Montagne de Reims Premier Cru Villages (26 total): Rilly-la-Montagne, Vrigny, Chigny-les-Roses, Tauxières-Mutry, Sacy Vallée de la Marne Premier Cru Villages (7 total): Cumières, Dizy, Hautvillers, Mareuil-sur-Aÿ Côte des Blancs Premier Cru Villages (9 total): Cuis, Vertus
29
Main cities and towns of Champagne
City-Reims | Towns- Epernay and Ay
30
When was the Echelle du Cru abolished?
2010
31
Who put the first Brut Champagne on the market and when?
Pommery 'Nature' 1874
32
What is the oldest Champagne house? Founded when?
Gosset 1584
33
Who is the oldest SPARKLING champagne house?
Ruinart 1729
34
The Champenoise used to colour their still wines with what? to achieve colour to complete with Burgundy red wines.
Elderberry juice
35
When did Phylloxera strike Champagne?
1890's
36
Explain the soil profile of Champagne?
Porous, BELEMNITE CHALK SUBSOIL is pushed to the surface on the appellation’s SLOPES, absorbing heat to protect the vines at night and providing excellent drainage in the wet climate. Belemnite chalk, derived from the fossilized remains of millions of extinct cephalopods, has a high limestone content, which allows vine roots to dig deeply and is linked to increased acidity. A second layer of MICRASTER CHALK, named for an extinct sea urchin, characterizes the VALLEY VINEYARDS.
37
What is the dominant soil type in the Aube?
Clay
38
Pinot Noir is the dominant grape in what Champagne districts?
Montagne de Reims, Aube
39
Chardonnay is the most dominant variety in which Champagne districts?
Cote de Sezanne, Cotes de Blancs
40
Pinot Meunier is the most dominant variety in which Champagne district?
Valle de la Marne, in sheltered vineyard which tends to bud late and ripen early.
41
Explain the The Charmat Process/Cuve Close/Tank Method:
After the wine undergoes primary fermentation, liqueur de tirage is added to the wine, provoking a second fermentation, which occurs in a pressurized enamel-lined tank, or autoclave, over a matter of days. Once the appropriate pressure is reached (usually 5 atmospheres), the wine is chilled to arrest fermentation. Some appellations require the wine to remain in tank for a minimum period of time, such as one month for Asti DOCG. The wine is then filtered and bottled, usually with a dosage.
42
Explain Méthode Ancestrale:
Also known as the méthode rurale, this is the oldest and most rudimentary of sparkling winemaking procedures. A single fermentation begins in tank, but the wine is transferred to bottles before the process is complete—liqueur de tirage is unnecessary. Yeasts continue to ferment the remaining sugars in the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle. The residual sweetness of the finished wines varies by appellation, but dosage is not allowed. Typically, the wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass prior to sale. Bugey Cerdon, Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale, and Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise are examples of the style.
43
What other areas of France make traditional methods sparkling wine?
Vouvray, Montlouis-sur-Loire, and Saumur in the Loire; and Vin de Savoie and Seyssel in Savoie. Fully sparkling wines from the aforementioned appellations will be labeled mousseux (or "crémant" in Savoie), whereas lightly sparkling wines are labeled pétillant.
44
Blanquette de Limoux AOP ? ia made how and with what varieties?
Languedoc region are also produced by the traditional method, from a minimum 90% Mauzac, Chardonnay, and Chenin Blanc.
45
Coteaux Champenoise may be made from what varieties?
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Meunier, Arbane, Petit Meslier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris Specific assemblage is not required.
46
Rose de Riceys is made from what Variety and min ABV?
100% Pinot Noir | 10% min pot Abv
47
What is the climate of Champagne
Continental
48
First vintage of Dom Perignon a) Brut b) Rose c) What vintage did they only produce a rose?
a) 1921 b) 1959 c) 1986
49
What are minimum aging requirement for a) NV Champagne? b) Vintage?
a) 15 months | b) 3 years
50
Explain Champagne Special Club?
Established in 1971 Artisans who banded together to promote Prestide cure through likeminded philosophies Undergo tasting analysis, only made in outstanding years, all Special club bottle share identical label Viticulture must occur on estate (RM) Paul Bara, J Lassalle
51
What 5 Champagne houses have Crayeres?
``` Charles Heidsieck Taittinger Veuve Clicquot Vrahen Pommery G.H .Martel ```
52
What Vintages was Clos du Ambonnay produced?
Krug 95, 96, 98
53
How may litres in the a) Vin du Cuvee? b) Vin de Taille?
a) First 2050 litres | b) The following 500 litres
54
What is a Solomon called in Bordeaux?
Melchior
55
Explain Deblocage?
The release of vintage wine stock to add to Champagne assemblage. (Remember DebloCAGE for holding)
56
What are the two styles of sparkling wine from | Clairette de Die AOP?
Traditionalle method 100% Calirette Menthol Diose Ancestrale, min 75% Muscat a Petit Grains 35g residual
57
What is the varietal in Cremant de Die AOP?
Clairette
58
Name some Champagne houses located in Cotes de Blancs?
Billecart Salmon, Salon, Jacques Selosse, Aqrapart and Fils
59
Names some Champagne houses located in Valley de la Marne?
Moet and Chandon, Ayala, Bollinger, Dom Perignon, Deutz, Laurent Perrier, Pol Roger, Gosset
60
Name some Champagne Houses that are located in Montagne de Reims?
Ruinart, Charles Heidsieck, Egly Ouriet, Krug, Louis Roderer, Pommery , Taittinger
61
Pinot Meunier is now knows as what in Champagne?
Meunier Noir
62
Cava
Cava NV 9 months Cava Reserva 15months Cava Grand Reserva 30months Cava del Paraje Califcada 36months
63
Franciacarorta | Franciacorta Vintage
18months | 30months
64
Gyropalatte holds how many bottles?
504 bottles
65
a la glace?
freezing the neck of the champagne bottle to remove the sediment
66
a la volee?
removal of sediment bay hand
67
Habillage?
Dressing the next of the bottle with as foil
68
Bisule
crown seal during fermentation
69
notable vintages
``` 2002 2004 2008 2012 2015 ```
70
Cuve close
wine pumped into tanks with tirage
71
vin gazife?
Carbonated wine
72
Eminent | Grand eminent
Burgundy cremant 24th month lees 36month month lees
73
Franciacorta saten?
reduced under pressure
74
Prosecco levels
Cartizze DOCG Superiore Rive DOCG Superiore DOCG Asolo Prosecco
75
Centre for Cava production
San Sadurni d'Anoia
76
Cava time on lees
``` NV -9month Reserva -15months Gran Reserva 30- months Paraje Califacada - 36 months single estate, vintage wines only 12 site approved ```
77
Camel Valley?
Cornwall sparkling
78
Nyetimber
Sussex
79
Coates and Seeley
Hampshire
80
Chapel Down
Kent
81
Ridgeview
Sussex
82
Sparkling wine account for how much of UK plantings? as of 2014
40%

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