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France - Champagne Flashcards

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1
Q

Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?

A

No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique

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2
Q

Yeast goes dormant at what temp?

A

50 degrees Fahrenheit

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3
Q

What is the method of champagne used to make sparkling wine from Champagne, France?

A

Mèthode Champenoise

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4
Q

What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?

A
  1. Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)

2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation

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5
Q

What is the soil type of Champagne?

A

Limestone with undertones of clay, sand and marl

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6
Q

Where is Champagne located?

A

NorthEastern France - 90 miles from Paris

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7
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend

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8
Q

What are the two main rivers of Champagne?

A

Velse River - Montage de Reims

Marne River - Valle de la Marne

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9
Q

What is the weather type of Champagne, France?

A

Cold, wet, and damp

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10
Q

What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?

A

Reims

Èpernay

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11
Q

What region in champagne does the city of Reims reside in

A

Montage de Reims

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12
Q

What region is closest to the city of Epernay?

A

Valle de la Marne

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13
Q

If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?

A

Côte de Blancs

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14
Q

If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?

A

Montage de Reims

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15
Q

What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?

A

Cuveè - first pressing

Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne

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16
Q

What are the 5 regions of Champagne?

A

North to south

  1. Montage de Reims
  2. Valle de la Marne
  3. Côte de Blancs
  4. Côte de Sèzanne
  5. The Aube
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17
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of Montage de Reims?

A

Sillery

Puisieulx

Mailly - Champagne

Verzenay

Beaumont - sur - velse

Verzy - added in 1985

Louvois

Bouzy

Ambonney

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18
Q

What are the Grand cru villages of Valle de la Marne?

A

Aÿ - Champagne

Tours -sur - Marne - red grapes only

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19
Q

What are the Grand Cru villages of Côtes de Blancs?

A

North to South

Chouilly - white only, added in 1985

Oiry - added in 1985

Cramant

Avise

Oger - added in 1985

Le- Mensil-sur-Oger - added in 1985

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20
Q

What is Remuage?

A

This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle

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21
Q

When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?

A

Brut Nature

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22
Q

A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, causing the wine to be dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?

A

Brut

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23
Q

Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?

A

Extra Dry or Extra Sec

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24
Q

A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?

A

Doux Champagne

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25
What are Champagne vineyards called?
Houses
26
What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?
Pinot Meinsiur
27
What characteristic does Chardonnay have in sparkling wines?
Finesse
28
What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?
fruit character
29
What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?
Weight and Structure
30
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?
Pinot Noir Pinot Meunier
31
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier
32
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?
Chardonnay
33
Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?
Chardonnay
34
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?
Pinot Noir
35
The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?
Lees
36
What is the most common champagne style?
Non Vintage
37
Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?
Disgorgement
38
What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?
Pinot Noir
39
What is the most southerly region in Champagne?
The Aube
40
Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?
Mèthode Ancestrale
41
If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?
Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne
42
If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?
Chardonnay
43
Louis Roederer produces the prestige cuveè "Dom Perignon"?
False - the Tete de Cuveè for Louis Rederdor is Cristal
44
The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?
Liqueur D'expedition also known as Dosage
45
What is another name for Dosage?
Liqueur D'Expedition
46
What is Liquer de Tirage?
Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast
47
What are the steps of Method Champenoise?
Harvest Pressing Grapes Fermentation Assemblage - Making Still Wine Liqueur de Tirage Second Fermentation Aging Riddling Degorgement Liqueur D' Expedition (Dosage) Recorking
48
How many bottles are on a Pupitre?
60 bottles
49
How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?
504 bottles
50
What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?
15 months
51
What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?
36 months
52
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?
Brut
53
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?
Brut Nature / Non Dose
54
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?
Extra Dry
55
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?
Sec
56
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?
Demi - Sec
57
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?
Doux
58
What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market
Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles
59
What are some common Champagne aromas?
Apple Toast Citrus Yeast (Bread Dough) Hazelnuts / Walnuts
60
What is the oldest sparkling Champagne House?
Ruinart - established in 1729 as a sparkling wine house
61
Who developed the formula for secondary Fermentation?
A pharmacist named Andre Francois along with Jean - Antoine Chaptal (chaptalization researcher)
62
Who created the first brut champagne?
Pommery in 1874
63
What is special about Champagne labeling?
They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label
64
How and why was the CIVIC created?
It was formed during Nazi occupation in 1941 by Count Robert Jean de Vogue of Moët to protect the interest of the Champenois from the Nazis
65
What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?
1921
66
What is belemnite chalk?
Derived from cephalopods
67
What is micraster chalk?
Derived from sea urchins - common in the Valley
68
What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?
Clay
69
What pruning methods are allowed in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat Chablis Valle de la Marne Guyot (single and double)
70
What grapes other than the major 3 are permitted in Champagne?
Pinot Blanc Vrai Abrane Pinot Gris Petit Meslier
71
What is the pressing limit enforced by the CIVIC since 1993?
102 L per 160kg of grapes 2,550L per 4,000kg of grapes (size of coequard press) also called a Marc
72
What does blocage and deblocage mean?
Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages Deblocage - the release
73
What is a matriculation number?
A number assigned to each producer by the CIVIC
74
What does NM mean on a Champagne label?
Negoicant Manipulant - a house that purchases grapes or base wine. They may also own their own vineyards
75
What does RM mean in a bottle of champagne?
Recoltant Manipulant - A grower producer who makes wine from estate fruit 96% must come from their own vineyards
76
What does CM mean?
Cooperative Manipulant | - A grower cooperative that produces a wine under one brand
77
What does RC mean?
Recoltant Cooperateur A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative but is labeled as their own brand
78
What does SR mean?
Societe de Recoltants - a firm, not a co-operative, of growers often related who pool their resources to vinify their wines and market them under several brands
79
What does ND mean?
Negociant Distributer | - a middleman company, that distributes Champagne that they did not make
80
Where was Dom Pérignon cellar master
The Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668 til 1715
81
What does pétillant mean
Semi Sparkling
82
What does Demi Mousseux mean
Crémont
83
What is the oldest champagne house still in operation today
Gosset - established in 1584, was founded as a still wine producer
84
Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin
The Vueve Cliquot
85
What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot
The development of the pupitre
86
What was the name of the first Brut champagne produced by Pommery in 1874
Pommery Nature
87
What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908
The Aube (Cote de Bars)
88
When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne
1927
89
When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP
1936
90
What is the Commission de Châlons
Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
91
What are some of the wars that have taken place in or around Champagne
Hundred Years War 16th Century Religious Conflicts Thirty Years War World War I World War II
92
How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champange
357
93
Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne
Montage de Reims Côte des Bars (The Aube)
94
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange
Côte de Sézanne Côte des Blancs
95
Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange
Vallée de la Marne
96
What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc
Southeast East
97
Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne
Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties
98
How many Grand Crus are in Champagne
17
99
How many premier Crus are in Champagne
42
100
What does the CIVIC regulate
1. Size of harvest 2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage 3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
101
What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated
Échelle de Crus
102
If a village achieved the maximum échelle ("scale") of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as
Grand Cru
103
If a village achieved an échelle of 90 to 99 they are classified as
Premier Cru
104
What were the only Premier Cru Villages with a 99% ranking
Mareuil - sur - Ay - Vallée de la Marne Tauxières - Montage de Reims
105
Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as
Crus
106
Large Champange houses such as : Möet et Chandon Louis Roederer Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin Tattinger Pol Roger Perrier - Jouët Mumm Laurent - Perrier All fall under what type of champagne produced
Négociant Manipulant
107
What is a MA
Marque d'Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
108
The vin de cuveè while pressing accounts for the first __________ liters of Juice
2,050 liters
109
The vin de taille when pressing grapes for champagne accounts for following __________ liters, following the extraction of the vin de cuveè juices
500
110
During the primary fermentation of the still wine during the making of champagne, what type of barrels are used
Stainless Steel Oak - some used but new wood is used as well
111
What is the heart of the Méthode Champenoise process
The second fermentation
112
What is Prise de mousse
French for Second fermentation
113
What type of bottle cap is used during the second fermentation
A crown cap
114
What is a bidule
A plastic capsule that captures the sediment during Remuage
115
How long does the second fermentation process last
Up to 8 weeks
116
During the second fermentation the carbon dioxide creates a pressure inside the bottle of _______ to ______ atmosphere
5 to 6 atmospheres
117
What is it called when each bottle is briskly shaken in order to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle
Pointage
118
What is dégorgement à la glace
The dulling the neck of bottles into a freezing brine solution
119
What is dégorgement à la volée
An older method of disgorgement The same as dégorgement à la glace except the release of the sediments doesn't take place in frozen liquid
120
What is in the mixture of dosage
Sugar syrup and wine
121
What is the minimum months non vintage champagne can be aged
15 months
122
What is the minimum months vintage champagne can be aged
36 months
123
What is a piccolo
A quarter champagne bottle 187 ml
124
What is a Demi
A half bottle of champagne 375 ml
125
What is the size of the standard champagne bottle
750 ml
126
What is a magnum
2 bottles - 1.5 ml
127
What is a jeroboam
3L - 4 bottles
128
What is a Rehoboam
4.5 L - 6 bottles
129
When was Rehoboam discontinued
In 1989
130
What is Methuselah
6L - 8 bottles
131
What is Salmanazar
9L - 12 bottles
132
What is Balthazar
12L - 16 bottles
133
What is a Nebuchadnezzar
15L - 20 bottles
134
What is a Solomon
18 L 24 bottles
135
What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne
80%
136
Comtes de Champagne is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Tattinger
137
Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Louis Roederer
138
Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Laurent - Perrier
139
Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Perrier - Jouët
140
Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Pol Roger
141
Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Ruinart
142
La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Vueve Clicquot
143
What are Coteaux Champenois and Rosé de Riceys
The still wine appellations within Champagne
144
What type of wines are made in Coteaux Champenois
Red wine 🔴 White wine ⚪ Rosé ⚪🔴
145
What is the leading grape for wines are made in Rosé de Riceys
Pinot Noir
146
Where is Les Ricey
A Cru village in the Aube
147
How many AOPs produce Crémont wines produced by in the traditional method and what are they
7 Crémant de Bordeaux Crémant de Bourgonge Crémant de Loire Crémant de Limoux Crémant de Die Crémant du Jura Crémant d'Alsace
148
What are the 3 appellations in Loire Valley that use the traditional method
Vouvray Montlouis - sur - Loire Saumur
149
What are the appellations in Savoie that use traditional method
Vin de Savoie Seyssel
150
Where in Italy are the best traditional sparkling wines produced
Lombardy Franciacorta DOCG Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico
151
True or False All Spanish Cava is made in the traditional method
True
152
True or False All German Sekt is made in the traditional method
False - only the highest quality
153
Where is the White Cliffs of Dover and what type of sparking wine do they make
United Kingdom Traditional method
154
Nyetimber Ridge view Estate These are top producers of what and they are from where
Sussex (United Kingdom) and method traditional sparkling wines
155
What is the leading house of method traditional in South Africa and what do they call their method
Graham Beck - Cap Classique
156
What is the oldest form of the sparkling winemaking procedure
Méthode Ancestrale
157
Is liqueur de triage neccrssary in Méthode Ancestrale
No, the yeast continues to ferment the remaining sugars in the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle
158
Is dosage allowed in Méthode Ancestrale
No
159
Who invented the Charmat method
Eugene Charmat in 1907 in France
160
How many atmospheres does sparkling wine reach in the charmat Method
5 atmospheres
161
What is the cheapest method of sparkling winemaking
Carbonation - simply injecting carbon dioxide into the still wine
162
What is the name of the still wine that makes champagne
Vin Clair
163
What does atmospheric pressure mean
A measure of atmospheric pressure: 1 atmosphere = 15 pounds per square inch The average internal pressure of a bottle of Champagne is six atmospheres
164
Keep Gringing!
Don't give up!
165
What are the 5 departments of Champagne
``` Aisne Aube Seine et Marne Haut Marne Marne ```
166
Which department accounts for the most planting of vines in Champagne
Marne at 66%
167
How many villages make up champagne
330 villages
168
How many grand crus are their in Champagne
17
169
How many premier crus are there in Champagne
42
170
What directions do most slopes face in Champagne
Predominantly south, east and southeast- facing slopes
171
Pinot Noir is dominant in what areas in Champagne
Montagne de Reims and the Côte des Bar.
172
Meunier is dominant in what areas of Champagne
Vallée de la Marne
173
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what area in Champagne
Cote Des Blancs
174
What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne
Pinot Noir makes up 38%
175
What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne
Meunier makes up 32%
176
What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne
Chardonnay makes up 30%
177
What are some classic flavours of champagne
``` Toast Baked Bread Biscuits Pastries Grilled Nuts ```
178
What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne
1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process) 2. Liqueur de tirage 3. Liqueur d’expédition
179
What is Boues de ville (also known as Gadoues)
The dominant fertilizer used in Champagne from the 1960’s til 1998 The fertilizer was a combination of trash, plastic and crushed glass
180
What is the dominant fertilizer soil addition in champagne
Wood Chips
181
What is a geological blend
A blend that is based on grapes that come from a similar soil instead using a variety of terriors to make a house style Pascal Agrapart is known for using this style in champagne
182
What is the Maillard Reaction
A process involving the interactions of amino acids with the addition of sugar in the wine This reaction is what gives champagne those traditional aromas and flavors of bread, yeast and dough
183
What is the disadvantage of using wood chips as a fertilizer
Changes the nitrogen balance of the soil The chips smother the soil Negatively impacts life in the soil Can bring new fungi that are not indigenous to the region
184
What are some advantages of using wood chip fertilizers
They give the soil more structure Help minimizes erosion And allows the vineyard workers to drive trackers across the vineyard in wet weather
185
What is Massal Selection
Seeks to identify vines that produce the finest grapes Note: French wine growing term for the practice of replanting new vineyards with cuttings from exceptional old vines from the same (or nearby) property.
186
What is Réseau Matu
A network created to monitor grape ripening Note: (ripening observation network). Consisting of volunteer professionals – winegrowers, vineyard managers, House managers, etc – the Réseau Matu monitors ripening in 404 vineyard plots that represent the Champagne vineyard as a whole. - based upon their testing they create a harvest schedule for these selected vineyards
187
Who invented the Pupitre
Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin Cellermaster Antoine De Müller
188
Who invented the Muselet
Adolphe Jacquesson
189
What is a Muselet
The wire cage that holds the champagne cork firmly and stops it from being pushed out by the gas pressure in the bottle
190
What is Sucre - Oenomètre
Created in 1836 A device that allows winemakers to measure the amount of sugar in their wines quickly and simply
191
Who invented the Sucre - Oenomètre
Jean Baptiste François
192
What is Prisse de Mousse
Created in 1831 The quantity of sugar required for the secondary fermentation in the bottle Also known as Reduction François
193
Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Montagne de Reims
194
Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Vallee de la Marne
195
Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Cote de Blanc
196
Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne
The Aube
197
What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne
North Sea and the English Channel
198
How much sunlight does the region of champagne receive a year
1,650 hours of sunlight annually
199
What is the average temperature a year in champagne
52 degrees
200
How many acres of vines are in Champagne
84,000 acres
201
What is method perpetualle
a solera style system used in champagne where winemakers store in a single barrel a particular vineyard over the course of years to create the perfect cuvee
202
What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims
Ardre , Velse, and Marne River
203
Massif de St Thierry Vesle et Ardre Grande Montagne de Reims Monts de Berru These are the sub regions for what region in champagne
Montagne de Reims
204
What sub region in Montagne de Reims is located northwest of the city of Reims and is known for its sandy soils
Massif de Saint Thierry
205
What is the name of the road in Montagne de Reims that goes from north to south that acts like a dividing line between Reims and Epernay
D951
206
What is the small area east of Reims that is isolated and is on a little known hill known chalk capped by sand, limestone, and clay
Monts de Beru
207
What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims
They are more rigidly structured
208
What are the characteristics of River wines made in the Montagne de Reims
More expansive breadth due to the soils and climatic conditions in location closer to the Marne River
209
What are some characteristics of wines from Bouzy
High ripeness, full bodied wines due to warmer terrior, south facing slopes,
210
What is the soil type of Bouzy
a hard bedrock of chalk with a variety of different top soils
211
Riceys -Haut, Riceys Haute - Rive, Riceys - Bas are three small villages that form what appellation in THE AUBE?
Rose des Riceys
212
What was the most planted grape in the Aube prior to World War II
Gamay
213
the sub regions of: - Bar sur Aubois - Bar Sequanais - Montgueux make up what area in Champagne
Cote de Bar (The Aube)
214
``` Cedrid Bouchard Marie - Courtin Dosnon Fleury Bertrand Gautherot {Vouette et Sorbee} Oliver Horiot Jacques Lassaigne Serge Mathieu Ruppert - Leroy ``` These are the leading growers from what region in champagne
The Cote des Bar (The Aube)
215
What event caused belemnite fossils to be found in the soils of champagne
Ancient Earthquakes
216
What does the belemnite chalk do for the vineyards
it moderates the soil temperature as it absorbs the heat throughout the day and gradually releases it at night Good for Drainage of water
217
What is the main top soil in The Aube is
Kimmeridgian Clay with a surface layer of gravelly limestone
218
What are does kimmeridgian clay do for the vineyard
Drains the soil very well but not as good as effective as chalk
219
Minerality, Salinity and stone describes the taste of what type of wines from where in Champagne
The Aube
220
Chalkiness describes the taste of what type of wines from where in Champagne
Marne
221
What is the average annual temperature in Champagne
50 degees Fahrenheit (10 degrees Celsius)
222
Epernay sets exactly at what parallel
49th Parallel Side note - same latitude as Vancouver , BC and farther north than Paris, Vienna, Beijing, and pf Japan.
223
Weather in Champagne is similar to where in the United States
Pacific Northwest United States
224
What is the vine training style used for Chardonnay
Chabis
225
What is the vine training style used for Pinot Noir
Cordon de Royet
226
What is the vine training style used for Meunier
Vallee de la Marne
227
What advantage does adding wood chips to the soil do for the vineyards
- gives the soil more structure - Minimizing erosion - Also allows vineyard workers to drive trackers across the vineyards during wet weather
228
What region in champagne has: - 29,500 planted acres - 5221 growers Grape production break down Pinot Meunier 61% Pinot Noir 23% Chardonnay 16%
Vallée de la Marne
229
What region in champagne has: - 20,500 planted acres - 3,944 growers Grape production breakdown Pinot Noir 41% Pinot Meunier 34% Chardonnay 25%
Montage de Reims
230
``` Coteaux Sud d’Epernay Grand Vallée de la Marne Condé Vallée de la Marne Rive Gauche Vallée de la Marne Rive Droite Vallée de la Marne Ouest ``` Are all the sub regions of what area in Champagne
Vallée de la Marne
231
From east to west ``` Bisseuil Mareuil - sur - Aÿ Avenay - Val - d’Or Mutigny Aÿ Dizy Champillon Hautvillers Cumières ``` These are the premier cru villages of what region in Champagne
Vallée de la Marne
232
What sub region of Vallée de la Marne has: - number of villages:9 ( all the premier crus) - vineyard area: 4,517 acres (1,828 hectares) - Grape varieties: 65% Pinot Noir 19% Chardonnay 19% Pinot Meunier * known for: Expansive, full bodied champagnes, most notably from Pinot noir, although some excellent Chardonnay can be grown here, too.
The Grande Vallée
233
What house makes the famous Clos de Goisses
Philipponnat
234
What village is Clos de Gloisses located
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
235
What year and who purchased Clos de Goisses
1935 by Pierre Philipponnat
236
What are some fun facts about Clos des Gloisses
* one of the first single vintage champagnes ever produced * has been produced since 1935 * only has been omitted in 12 vintages
237
When was the first vintage of Clos de Gloisses
1935
238
Mareuil - sur - Aÿ is located exactly in the Grand Vallée
Located along the northern bank of the Marne River east of Épernay
239
Grand Vallée is considered where exactly location wise
Everything east of Cumières
240
Which way do most of the vineyards face in Grand Vallée de la Marne
South facing slopes overlooking the plains
241
What is the dominant soil type in Grand Vallée de la Marne
Blend of clay and chalk soils
242
What famous house sources their pinot noir from the famous site of Clos Saint Hilaire
Billecart - Salmon
243
What are some characteristics of the style of Pinot Noir that comes from Clos Saint Hilaire
Powerful, Assertive, ripe fruit and broad richness due to its clay soils
244
Where is Clos Saint Hilaire located
Mareuil Sur Äy
245
What grape makes up 90% of the vines in Ay
Pinot Noir
246
What directions do the vineyards face in Ay
South
247
What is the main soil type soil found in Ay and it's characteristics
Cretaceous chalk and Sedimentary Slope wash * subtle, complex , powerful and finesse
248
What is the most prominent champage house in Ay
Bollinger (James Bond favorite)
249
Where is the vineyards of Chaudes Terres and Clos Saint Jacques located
Ay
250
Chaudes Terres and Clos Saint Jacques grows what grapes and what makes them so unique
Pinot Noir - They have parts that have not been effected by Phylloxera
251
What houses uses the ungrafted Pinit Noir for its Tete de Cuve
Bollinger - Vieilles Vignes Françaises
252
What is La Côte Faron
A steep south facing vineyard in Ay that produces Pinot Noir
253
What is Ay La Côte Faron
A single vineyard champagne produced by Anselme Selossse since 1994 - 100% Pinot Noir - original name was " Contraste" until 2003 - made in the solera style
254
What is Vauzelle Terme
A famous vineyard located on the western edge of Ay Planted in 1980 Chalky Soil Organically Farmed - also a famous single vineyard champagne "Ay Vauzelle Terme" produced by the Chiquet brothers ( Laurent and Jean Herve) of Jacquesson
255
What grapes makeup Vauzelle Terme
100% Pinot Noir
256
When was the first vintage of Vauzelle Terme produced
1996
257
What is the latest vintage of Vauzelle Terme
2008
258
Where is the La Leon site located
Across the road from Vauzelle Terme
259
Who uses Le Leon Pinot Noir for its famous Cuvee 1522
Philipponnat
260
Le Leon grapes are known to give what type of characteristics
Spicy and Peppery
261
What is the soil type of Dizy
Clay, Marl and addition some chalk - soil is more similar to Vallee de la Marne than the Grand Vallee
262
What is the dominant grape of Dizy
40% Pinot Noir 37% Chardonnay 23% Meunier
263
What are the top two houses in Dizy
Gaston Chiquet and Jacquesson
264
What village is always the first village to ripen in Marne
Cumieres
265
Harvest in Marne typically begins where
Cumieres
266
What directions do the slopes face in Cumieres
South and Southeast
267
What village in Vallee de la Marne wines tend to be generous and forward, yet the chalky soils also give them a great deal of tension
Cumieres
268
What is the primary grape of Cumieries
Pinot Noir
269
Rene Geoffroy vineyards are primarly located in what village
Cumieres but their estate is located in Ay
270
Where is the famous producer Georges Laval located
Cumieries
271
What producer from Cumieres grows Pinot Noir on the vineyard named Les Longues Violes
Georges Laval
272
Les Chenes produces some of the best Chardonmay for what producsr?
Georges Laval
273
Les Chenes has what type of flavor profile
Very rioe, chalky, and always creates rich wines
274
What direction do the slopes of Les Chenes go
South and southwest
275
This area is known for: - river wines wurg ample body abd broad, generous flavors. Meunier is the main grape, is a hardy grape variety tolerant of colder climate. It is also predominant due to the growing area's frost prone conditions and heavy clay topsoil, which deepens as you move west
The Vallee de la Marne
276
This area in Champagne has: 81 villages 21,958 acres of vines (8,886 hectares) Grape Varieties: 72% Meunier, 16% Pinot Noir, 12% chardonnay
Vallee de la Marne
277
What are some differences between Grand Vallee and Vallee de la Marne
Soil types - Grand Vallee the vineyards along the Marne River east Cumieres are chalkier and more suitable for pinot noir as for Vallee de la Marne the soil becomes richer in clay, with chalk typically buried well below the topsoil. Grape Varieties: Grand Vallee: Pinot Noir & Vallee de la Marne: Menuier
278
The Riv Gauche to the southside and the Riv Droite to the north side make up what bank system in what area in Champagne
Vallee de la Marne
279
This river in Vallee de la Marne has vineyards have south facing exposure with alot of sun and provides better ripening for the grapes
Rive Droite
280
This vineyard in the Vallee de la Marne vineyards have north facing slopes that typically retain more acidity and creates a more balanced wine
Rive Gauche
281
What is known to be the biggest problem with the vineyards in Vallee de la Marne and why
Botrytis due to the very cool weather and the slow draining of the clay rich soils, as well as tge constant fog in the valley.
282
What famous producers grows grapes in Vallee de la Marne in vineyard of Les Crayères and what grapes grow there
Benoit Tarlant and he grows Pinot Noir & Chardonnay
283
What is the unusual soik type for Les Crayeres and why is it unusual
Chalk and cause typically in the Vallee de la Marne chalk is usually not a top soil it usually us buried under the rich clay soils
284
What is the prestige cuvee of Tarlant called
Cuvee Louis named after Benoit Tarlant great grandfather - it is a blend of pinot noir and chardonnay
285
The village of Leurigny of the Vallee de la Marne is famous for supplying meunier to what famous Grand Marque
Krug
286
This village in Vallee de la Marne has the following: - relatively chalky soils - lies in the valley and gets grear exposure from the sun - it's hills are oriented east - southeast
Festigny
287
Harvest typically begins in what month
Mid September
288
Why is the decision to harvest very important in Champagne
If you pick too early - you risk underripeness or unpleasantly green flavors If you pick too late - you risk acidity falling to rapidly If the weather is wet - you risk potentially getting rot on your grapes
289
A standard press in Champagne holds how many grapes on average and a fixed quantity is known as a ________?
8,000 pounds ( 4,000 kilograms) Marc
290
The most common champagne press producer is ___________?
Coquard
291
The first 100 liters of juice produced in the press is called __________ and why is it discarded?
Autopressurage - due to the dust and impurities from the surface of the grapes
292
Each action of the press going down is known as
Serre
293
The first 3 serres are known as what?
Cuvee Note: (not the same term as the blend that makes champagne) ( refers to the first and finest portion of the pressing)
294
What is the total quantity of juice obtained from the cuvee (pressed)
2,050 liters
295
What is the 4th thru 6th serre known as
Taille
296
A taille has a total quantity of _________ juice obtained from the pressing
500 liters
297
Describe the style of juice that is created from the taille
the taille produces juice with a coarser press with more skin contact
298
What is the name of the pressing that isn't allowed to make wine but instead used to male potable or industrial alcohol
Rebeche
299
What two pressings are usually used to make champagne
Cuvee and Taille
300
What are some characteristics of the Cuvee (pressing)
Has finesse & capable of greater longevity
301
What are some characteristics of the Taille (pressing)
Ripe Clean Known to have fruity aromas, that can soften a blend and allow it to show well at an early age
302
What is the typical type oak used for the barrels that store the Vin Clair
French Oak
303
What is malolactic fermentation
a bacterial reaction that converts malic acid (green apple like ) to a softer creamier lactic acid Creates a creamy and buttery flavor
304
At what temperature is the vin clair stored after blending and why
25 degrees F (-4 degrees Celsius) - must be held at that temperature for 24 hours or more to precipitate tartrate crystals, which prevents their formation in the bottles later
305
What is sugar to atmospheric ratio for liqueur de tirage
4 grams of sugar = 1 atmospheric of pressure
306
what is the standard atmospheric pressure amount for champagne
6
307
how many grams of sugar are typically added in liqueur de tirage
24 grams of sugar
308
Using the pruning method of Chablis in Champagne how many spur buds are allowed for Arbanne, Chardonnay, Meunier, and Petit Meslier
5
309
Using the pruning method of Chablis in Champagne how many spur buds are allowed for Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Grid and Pinot Noir
4
310
The Vallee de la Marne pruning method can only be applied to what grape
Meunier
311
What is the only approved grey grape in Champagne
Pinot Gris
312
What type of sugar is used in Liqueur d'Expédition
The sugar used is either beet sugar, cane sugar or rectified concentrated grape must (MCR)
313
What is the maximum alcohol volume allowed for champagne
13%
314
How many hectares of vines are present within the terroir of the Champagne AOC
33,500 hectares
315
Is the maloactic fermentation process compulsory in Champagne
No - Malolactic Fermentation converts malic acid into lactic acid and it can occur during or after alcoholic fermentation. The winemaker can choose whether to complete or arrest the process,depending on the type of characteristics that he or she wishes to add to the champagne
316
Does pressure in a champagne bottle increase or decrease with a change in temperature?
The pressure is greater than 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit) than 12 degrees Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit) Note: The pressure inside a champagne bottle increases with a rise in temperature, which is why a warmer bottle of champagne will lose more wine in opening than a chilled bottle.
317
What color grapes can be used for Champagne AOC
White, Black, and Grey grapes Note: 4 white grapes, 2 black grapes, 1 grey grape varieties are recognized for the Champagne Appellation
318
Who planted the first vineyards in the Champagne Region
The Romans of the 5th century. Note: The Roman invaders planted the first vineyards in the north east of France at the beginning of the 5th century or earlier
319
Secondary Fermentation is obligatorily carried out in which size bottles?
All bottles sizes between and including the half bottle and the jereboam. Note: Secondary Fermentation is obligatory in all bottle sizes between and including a piccolo (Half Bottle) and a 3L Jereboam. It is then possible to use the Champagne present in these bottles to fill the greater or smaller size formats
320
Can wood chippings be used in making Champagne?
No, the use of wood chippings is not permitted in Champagne. Note: Using wood shavings or chippings to alter the characteristics of a wine is not allowed in Champagne
321
How many litres of wines does a traditional Champagne barrel contain?
205 litres Note: The traditional Champagne barrel contains 205 litres, whereas a Bordeaux barrel contains 225 litres and a Burgundy barrel contains 228 litres
322
What is the maximum distance separating 2 rows of vines in a Champagne vineyard?
1.5 metres (4.9 feet) Note: Planting and vines density are both regulated by the Champagne appellation and the maximum distance allowed between two rows of vines is 1.5 metres (4.9 feet)
323
Jetting is a technique that can be used in which Champagne process?
Disgorgement Note: Jetting is a modern technique used during the disgorgement process to reduce the quantity of air present between the level of the Champagne in the bottle and the cork, by temporarily increasing the volume of the liquid to force the air out the bottle
324
Grapes are considered to be ripe for harvesting when the minimum natural alcoholic strength by volume has reached which level?
9% volume Note: The Champagne AOC has established that grapes can be considered to be ripe when there are 143g of sugar per litre of grape must and the natural alcoholic strength by volume has reached 9%
325
How much pressure does a bottle of Champagne lose during the disgorging and corking process?
Approximately 1 atmosphere Note: The prise de mousse will create approximately 6 atmospheres of pressure within the bottle. Around 1 atmosphere will be lost at disgorgement, so the final product will have a pressure of about 5 atmosphere
326
When the Echelle du Crus creates the grand cru system. How many original grand cru's were named
12
327
What year did the Echelle du Crus expand the number of Grand Crus in Champagne
1985
328
Name the region or regions that the villages were added to the Echelle du Cru Grand Cru system
Cotes de Blanc and Montage de Reims
329
Name the villages that were added to the Echelle du Crus Grand Cru system
Chouilly, Mesnil-sur-Oger, Oger, Oiry and Verzy
330
What percentage of vines have 100% Grand Cru status
9%
331
The Aisne department accounts for what percentage of Vines in Champagne
10%
332
The Marne department accounts for what percentage of Vines in Champagne
66%
333
The Seine-et-Marne department accounts for what percentage of Vines in Champagne
Less than 1%
334
The Aube department accounts for what percentage of Vines in Champagne
23%
335
The Haute - Marne department accounts for what percentage of Vines in Champagne
Less than 1%
336
Champagne vines are planted at what Altitude
90 to 300 metres ( 295 to 984 feet)
337
Champagne AOC wines may only be produced | from the fruit of vines in their
third year of growth | two years after planting
338
Wnat is the maximum spacing of individual vines in Champagne
0.9 - 1.5 metres (2.95 - 4.9 feet)
339
The total spacing between individual vines and rows in Champagne can't be more than
2.5 metres ( 8 feet)
340
How is the date of harvesting decided?
It depends on the ripeness of the grapes
341
Pinot Noir and Meunier has aromas of
Exotic Fruits (Mango), Citrus Fruits (Mandarin) White and yellowed fleshed fruits, Floral Notes (rose and violets), Red and black berries , and spices
342
Chardonnay has aromas of
Citrus fruits (lemon), Exotic Fruits (lychee), White Blossom
343
A champagne of 2/3 years of age will have what type of aromas
A wealth of fresh aromas from different families of vegetal, orange flowers, red berries, mineral notes, pear, citrus fruit, white blossom
344
A champagne of 6/8 years of age will have what type of aromas
Maturity brings rounder, more intense aromas: Ripe fruits, honey, pastries, candied fruit, dried fruits, cooked fruits, vanilla, and milk caramel
345
A champagne of 8 years or greater with age will have what type of aromas
The complexity of mature Champagne is expressed through dense aromas: gingerbread, toast, quince, walnuts. mocha, undergrowth
346
Champagne vine roots can penetrate to a depth of:
7 meters (22 feet)
347
Vineyards were first planted in Champagne in?
The 3rd Century, in the period of the Roman Empire
348
Which of the main grape varieties is the most precocious?
Chardonnay
349
What is the orgin of the name "Meunier"?
The white down underside of the leaves
350
If you look at the cross - section of a Champagne grape berry what color is the pulp?
White
351
Topping / Shoot trimming commences?
After trellising in summer
352
What is the duration of the flowering period in Champagne?
10 days
353
What is the planting density in Champagne
8000 vines per ha
354
Champagne wine is exclusively produced from the juice extracted from?
The Pulp
355
What are the 3 dimensions of blending a non vintage Champagne?
- Different grape varieties - "Crus" - Years
356
When the cellar master is working on the blend, he must anticipate what the most?
The wine's development, particularly after the "prise de mousse"
357
Why must Champagne bottles be stored away from the light?
To avoid the off flavors caused by lightstrike
358
How should you cellar your Champagne bottles after purchase
On their sides or upright
359
What is the ideal temperature for cellaring your Champagne bottles
Around 10 degree C ( 48 degee F)
360
Too much humidity in your wine cellar can?
Encourage the growth of mold on the corks and the labels
361
The onset of ripening, when the grapes change color
Veraison
362
The stage when the grapes ripen
Maturation
363
The stage following bloom when the berries begin to form
Fruit set
364
The stage when the vine makes grapes in bid to reproduce itself
Flowering
365
The stage when the buds swell and burst open, marking the beginning of new green growth
Budburst
366
The stage when the green shoots turn brown and lignify, building up reserves
Hardening off
367
What is the Champagne growers' worst fear
Spring Frost
368
In the 17th century, Champagne wine was known as?
Vin des Coteaux (wine of slopes)
369
Which grape variety is best adapted to heavy - textured subsoil derived from marl, clay, and sandstone
Meunier
370
What effect does the northern latitude of the Champagne region have on the wines produced there?
It produces low sugar, high acid wines
371
Why is the sloping, steep terrain in Champagne so conducive to grape growing?
It promotes sun exposure (and with it photosynthesis) and good drainage
372
What is the main effect on the grapes when the vines receive too much water?
The berries swell too much, sometimes resulting in unbalanced wines
373
French Appelaation d'Origine Controlee is a certification system that guarantees, in the case of Champagne
Origin and respect for all the rules applying to vinegrowing and winemaking
374
The VDC acronym stands for:
Viticulture Durable en Champagne (sustainable viticulture in Champagne)
375
By 2025, the Champagne AOC aims to reduce its carbon emissions by?
25%
376
Sustainable Viticulture in Champagne is?
A voluntary initiative
377
In 2010, the weight of a Champagne bottle was reduced by?
65g
378
How were the inhabitants of Champagne called at the time of the Gauls?
Remi
379
In the Middle Ages, winemaking was essentially the preserve of?
The religious orders
380
Champagne wines first became effervescent because?
Effervescence is a natural process, most notably when fermentation is halted in winter then resumes in Spring
381
When was sought to foster the effervescence in Champagne wines?
In the late 17th Century
382
Champagne rocketed to success because?
It was the preferred wine of the monarchy and the European nobility
383
When did Phylloxera spread to Champagne in?
1890
384
What is Phylloxera
An aphid
385
In what period did Champagne invest a pressing method for making white wine from black grapes
The second half of the 17th Century
386
World War I cost the Champagne region?
40% of its vineyard area
387
Who owns most of the Champagne vineyard area?
The growers
388
When was the first Champagne Cooperative established
1921
389
What is it that sets the Champagne wine region apart from others?
The organization of the Champagne industry itself, consisting of the Growers who produce the grapes on the one hand and on the other hand the Houses who make and market two thirds of the wine
390
What percentage of gobal vineyard acreage is currently represented by the Champagne production zone?
0.5%
391
What percent of the value of all sparkling wines consumed globally is represented by Champagne?
36%
392
Approximately how many countries buy Champagne from France?
More than 190
393
The Champagne winegrowing region currently generates an annual turnover of almost?
5 billion euros
394
Roughly how many bottles of Champagne are sold each year?
Around 300 million
395
The baptism of Clovis marked the point of departure for cornonation of the Kings of France in Reims. When did Clovis baptism take place?
496
396
Approximately how many kilos of grapes are required to produce one bottle of Champagne
1.2 kg
397
When were the "Champagne Slopes, Houses, and Cellars" added to the UNESCO World Heritage list?
4 July 2015
398
The Champagne industry today consists of?
16,000 Growers 340 Houses 140 Cooperatives
399
How many bottles of bubbly are said to lie slumbering in the Champagne cellars?
More than one billion bottles, or equivalent of three shipments
400
What are the 3 major exports countries? Rank them from Number 1-3
1. USA 2. United Kingdom 3. Japan
401
The Cote des Blancs region derives its name from:
The Chardonnay grape predominance
402
The yield from a single vine represents the equivalent of how many bottles of Champagne
1
403
What is the name of the wire cage with metal cap that holds Champagne corks in place
Muselet
404
What is the proper way to asses the color of a Champagne wine?
Tilt the glass over a white background
405
Champagne wine is best enjoyed in?
A glass with a bulbous body and narrow neck
406
What is the best way to cool a Chamapagne bottle?
Place the bottle in an ice bucket for 20 to 30 minutes
407
What is the origin of primary aromas such as white flowers or cherries in a Champagne wine?
The grape variety the terrior work in the vineyard
408
In wine tasting terms, what is meant by length
The flavors persistence on the palate
409
Acidity in Champagne wine is often a sign of
Freshness and "youthful" characteristics
410
The ideal temperature to serve Champagne is
8-10 degree C (45-50 degree F)
411
What senses come into play when tasting Champagne wines?
``` Hearing Sight Smell Taste Touch ```
412
What type of Champagne pairs well with Cavier Preparation: Au Naturel
Blanc de Blancs Brut Vintage
413
What type of Champagne pairs well with oysters, lobsters, and sea urchins Preparation: Au Naturel or in Aspic
Brut Nature mainly from Chardonnay, or Brut Blanc de Blancs
414
What type of Champagne pairs well crayfish, langoustines, scallops Preparation: Au Naturel or Poached
Blanc de Blanc Brut Vintage
415
What type of Champagne pairs well with Starters, Fished Based Entrees Preparation: Warm or Cold
Brut Blanc de Blanc
416
What type of Champagne pairs well with warm oysters Preparation: In creme fraiche sauce
Brut Vintage
417
What type of Champagne pairs well with Fish Preparation: Poached of Grilled
Brut Blanc de Blanc
418
What type of Champagne pairs well with Fish Preparation: With Butter or Cream
Brut Non Vintage (traditional blending) or Brut Blanc de Noirs
419
What type of Champagne pairs well with Salmon Preparation: Smoked, In Aspic, marinated or sushi
Brut Blanc de Blanc
420
What type of Champagne pairs well with Foie Gras Preparation: Au Naturel or on Toast
Vintage, mainly from black grapes, or Brut Blanc de Blancs of older vintage or aged in oak
421
What type of Champagne pairs well with Poultry Preparation: Roast or in a white sauce
Brut Blanc de Noirs or Brut mainly from black grapes
422
What type of Champagne pairs well with Red or White meat Preparation: Grilled or with a sauce
Brut non vintage (traditional blending)
423
What type of Champagne pairs well with White meat Preparation: Curried, Colombo-style or in a tagine
Rose Brut Vintage
424
What type of Champagne pairs well with Truffles
Blanc de Noirs or Brut of older vintage, mainly from black grapes
425
What type of Champagne pairs well with Game Preparation: Stew, with Mushrooms or chestnuts
Vintage or Rose Blanc de Noirs, Brut of older vintage or aged in Oak
426
What type of Champagne pairs well with Creamy Cheese
Brut Blanc de Blancs
427
What type of Champagne pairs well with strong flavoured, blue - veined cheese
Blanc de Noirs or Brut Vintage mainly from black grapes
428
What type of Champagne pairs well with Goat's cheese, blue cheese, or strong flavoured cheese
Demi Sec Vintage Rose
429
What type of Champagne pairs well with desserts Preparation: Based on Cream, Marzipan, Pistachios or fruits
Demi-Sec white or rose, or Champagne of older vintage
430
What is the exact day Champagne join the AOC
July 22, 1927

Sommelier (Original) (50 decks)

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