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Sommelier (Original) > Vini,Viti, Grape > Flashcards

Vini,Viti, Grape Flashcards

1
Q

Where the first wines produced

A

Neolithic Era between 5000 to 7000 B.C

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2
Q

Where did Viti Vinifera originate from?

A

Mesopotamia - The Fertile Crescent between the Tigris & Euphrates River

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3
Q

Who was the Egyptian deity whom the Egyptians believed was responsible for wine and harvest?

A

Osiris

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4
Q

Who was the Greek God of wine whom was believed to be responsible for the conversion of grape juice into wine?

A

Dionysus

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5
Q

Who was the Roman God of wine, whom they believed was responsible for wine and that divine intervention caused its production?

A

Bacchus

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6
Q

What invention was created in the 1600’s as a new innovation for wine storage?

Key Hint: Produced from a Oak Tree

A

Cork

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7
Q

Who was the French Physician who work was concerned with how grape Vines should be grown, pruned, trellised, and cares for?

Key Hint: A Cane Training System named after him

A

Dr. Jules Guyot

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8
Q

Who was the French Chemist who with the new invention the “microscope” in 1857 proved that microscopic yeast cells were actually responsible for Fermentation?

A

Dr. Louis Pastuer

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9
Q

What is the grape native to the region stretching from New England to the Mississippi River Valley and was used in an experiment in the early 1860’s France that carried the insect phylloxera?

A

Vitis Labrusca

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10
Q

What is name of the microscopic insect related to the aphid that feeds on the roots and leaves of grape vines

Key Hint: Almost whipped out french Vineyards when it landed there

A

Phylloxera

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11
Q

What is it called to splice one grape species (say, vinifera) onto another species (say, rupestris)?

A

Grafting

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12
Q

What do you call a rootstock that was created to help Vines survive and fight diseases?

A

Resistant Rootstock

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13
Q

Texas horticulturalist who created (developed) a rootstock that was resistant to phylloxera?

A

Thomas Munson

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14
Q

What is the French Term for Old Vines

A

Vielle Vignes

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15
Q

What is the name of the Englishman who conducted the Spurrier Tasting

A

Steven Spurrier

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16
Q

What is the name of the famous informal wine tasting in which California wines beat French Wines? This tasting put California on the map world wide

A

Judgement in Paris (Spurrier Tasting)

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17
Q

What was the 18th Amendment to the U.S Constitution, known as the Volstead Act, made the “manufacture,sale, and transportation of intoxicating Liqour” a formal crime?

A

Prohibition

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18
Q

What is the name of the Ancient place known as the “Land of Wine” due to the Vines thriving wherever they were planted?

A

Enotria - Greek Name for Italy

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19
Q

What were the Ancient Greek tall and large pottery vessels used to store liquids, including wine?

A

Amphorae

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20
Q

What do call agriculture that was applied to vitis vinifera as early cultures began to plant seeds in Vineyards outside of the plant’s native Homeland?

Fact: Once this happens growers gain control over the plant by dictating which seeds or plants are planted in a given vineyard

A

Domestication

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21
Q

What balances out the inherent sweetness of vinifera juice and the reasons that wines is such a good match food?

Fact: The 3 types found in wine grapes?

  • Tartaric
  • Citric
  • Malic
A

Acid

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22
Q

What is the basic building block needed for alcoholic Fermentation?

Fact:
The more a liquid contains of this the more ethanol is produced

With this, it can produce alcohol as high as 17% alcohol by volume

A

Sugar

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23
Q

What is the product of Fermentation that delegate grape juice from wine?

Fact:
It is the alcohol found in all alcoholic beverages, from beer to vodka

This is what causes alcoholic beverages to have intoxicatingly effects

Plays a major role in the flavor profile and characteristics of wine

A

Ethanol

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24
Q

What is the name of the scientific Yeast used to conduct alcoholic Fermentation?

Fact:

This is also known as budding yeast brewer’s yeast, or bakers yeast

Also this yeast is used to make dough rise when baking bread

A

S. Cerevisiae (Saccharomyes Cerevisiae)

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25
Q

Fruit Juice + Fermentation = Wine

Barley and water + Fermentation = Beer

Rice and Water + Fermentation = Sakè

These are all examples of?

A

Fermentation styles of Alcohol

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26
Q

Two fermented sugars produced from Grapes

A

Fructose and Glucose

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27
Q

What is the process in which humans can only create alcohol for consumption?

The equation:
Sugar + Yeast = Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Heat

Fact:
When yeast comes in contact with sugar, it consumes the sugar molecules, breaking them down into two major waste products, “Ethanol & Carbon Dioxide.” The process also produces heat due to the yeasts metabolic activity.

A

Alcoholic Fermentation

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28
Q

What is a fermented beverage that’s is produced from the juice of any fruit usually grapes?

A

Wine

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29
Q

Are grapes the only fruit that can produce wine?

A

No any fruit that can produce sugar can make wine

Example: Apples (cider), pears, plums and berries

30
Q

Single - Celled microorganism used to convert sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide during fermentation

A

Yeast

31
Q

What is the gas that goes with Alcohol and is a by product of Fermentation?

Fact:
Sometimes a small amount of this remaining in a wine can make it slightly “Spritzy”

If fermentation occurs in a closed vessel, such as a bottle, this gas becomes trapped in the wine and will ultimately form bubbles.

A

Carbon Dioxide

32
Q

Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon and so on are all examples of what?

Fact
Each one of these had a unique flavor distinct from the other

A

Varietal

33
Q

What is the advantage of cross-pollutions, genetic mutations, etc over the course of hundreds and sometimes thousands of years, that causes certain traits within wine grapes to be further developed?

Fact
These traits make the wine grape superior to any other fruit for wine production

A

Selective Breeding

34
Q

What is the A Phenol (a kind of compound) derived from the skins, seeds and stems of grapes and from Barrels?

Fact:
The presence of this is beneficial for it gives red wines a firm structure as well as the potential for aging

A

Tannins

35
Q

What is another term for complexity of flavor?

Fact:
Wine grapes have many flavors, from apples, pears, lemons, limes, grapefruit, tropical fruit, berries, dried fruit, artificial fruit and more

The one flavor rarely found in wine made from wine grapes, is grapes

A

Biochemical Complexity

36
Q

What is The agricultural decisions made while the grapes were growing and the specific environment where those grapes were grown?

A

Viticulture (Terrior)

37
Q

What is the winemaking practices and procedures to produce the wine?

A

Viniculture

38
Q

When does the annual life cycle of a vine began

A

Budbreak

39
Q

What are the small green clusters that form from the shoots that develop in the early spring

A

Embryo Bunches

40
Q

Successfully pollinated embryo bunches grow into true grape clusters called

Only 30% of the true grape clusters will make it to this point in the grape growing process

A

Fruit Set

41
Q

The process of the grapes softening and changing colors turning from green to red-black or yellow-green is known as

This process also when the grapes began to truly ripen as sugars are removed form the lead system to the fruit

A

Vèraison

42
Q

What is vendange

A

French for harvest

43
Q

What grapes are harvested first, white or red

A

White unless they are being used for dessert or ice wine

44
Q

Vines prefer a annual level temperature of

A

50 degrees to 68 degrees F

45
Q

To successfully ripen red grapes what must the average summer temperature be

A

70 degrees

46
Q

To successfully ripen white grapes what must the average temperature be

A

66 degrees

47
Q

What is the minimum amount of sunshine required for a vine to successfully grow

A

1,300 hours

48
Q

What is macro climate

A

Regional climate

49
Q

What is mesoclimate

A

The climate of a particular vineyard

50
Q

What is microclimate

A

Refers to the climate in and around a vine canopy, the restricted space including all parts of the vine above the ground

51
Q

Grapes made for winemaking do better on low fertile soil of rich soils

A

Low fertile soils - vines should always struggle to produce good fruit

52
Q

Most of worlds vines are grafted to what type of rootstock and why?

A

American because American rootstocks from the Native American grapevine species Vitis Riparia that is resistant to Phylloxera

53
Q

After grafting and planting how long does it take for the vine to produce grapes suitable for harvest

A

3 years

54
Q

What is the name of the training system where there is one permanent cane that extends from the trunk, called arms. It grows thick and gnarled over time and fruit bearing shoots will emerge from it each season

A

Cordon trained

55
Q

What is the name of the training system that has no permanent cordon and the trunk ends in a knob or head. This system typically doesn’t need a trellis support system. This system usually supported by a stake or nothing at all

A

Head trained

56
Q

Head trained Vines are spur pruned or cane pruned

A

They actually are both

57
Q

Cordon trained Vines are spur pruned or cane pruned

A

Spur pruned

58
Q

One of the most basic forms of cane pruning / head training is

A

Guyot System

59
Q

What system requires a vertical trellis on which the canes can be suspended and has one spur and one main two year old cane

A

The guyot system

60
Q

What system is an ancient technique common in southern Rhone and southern Italy, where the Vines often unsupported resembles this system, with each years fruiting canes extending from the spur pruned shortened arms atop the trunk. This system is called a bush system in Australia

A

Gobelet system

61
Q

What is albarello

A

The Italian name for gobelet

62
Q

What is en vaso

A

The Spanish name for gobelet

63
Q

What system is one of the simplest spured-pruned / cordon trained systems? This system is the preferred training style for Pinot Noir in Champagne, and is similar to the Guyot system, with a single spur - pruned permenant cordon extending horizontally from the trunk, rather than a two year old cane

A

Cordon de Royat

64
Q

What system maybe used for either cane pruned or spur pruned Vines. Also known as a tendone system where the Vines are trained upward and overhead along wooden frames or trees, enabling workers to pass underneath

A

Vertical Shoot Positioning

65
Q

What is the Quercus

A

The scientific name for the oak used in the wine making process

66
Q

What is Quercus Robur and Quercus Petranea

A

The scientific names of the French oak used in the winemaking process

67
Q

What is Quercus Alba

A

The scientific name of the American White Oak used in winemaking

68
Q

Warming - Chauffage

Shaping - Cintrage

Toasting - Bousinage

These are the steps to what process

A

Heating the oak to make the barrels

69
Q

What is the most important and has the most effect in the barrel heating process

A

Toasting - Bousinage

70
Q

What effect does toasting have on he wine

A

The heavier the toast of the barrel the more vanilla flavor the wine have

71
Q

What is Colatura

A

Poor fruit set at flowering

72
Q

What is Coulure

A

The dropping of flowers (grapes)

  • occurs during the flowering phase, in the spring, wind and rain as well as chemical deficiencies can help keep grapevine flowers from being properly fertilized, causing these flowers to drop from the cluster

Sommelier (Original) (50 decks)

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