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Sommelier (Original) > South America - Chile and Argentina > Flashcards

South America - Chile and Argentina Flashcards

1
Q

This country is the 5th largest wine producer in the world and is only second to the United States in the New World

A

Argentina

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2
Q

What is the climate of Argentina

A

Temperate Warm

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3
Q

Main white grape of Argentina

A

Torrontès

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4
Q

Main Red Grape of Argentina

A

Malbec

Cabernet Sauvignon

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5
Q

What is the top region of Argentina

A

Mendoza

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6
Q

What food does do most Argentines eat and how most wines are made to pair with?

A

Beef

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7
Q

When did wine come to Argentina?

A

In the 1500’s during the Spanish Conquest

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8
Q

Who planted the first wine grapes in Argentina and what were they?

A

Spanish Monks

Criolla - also known as Pais in Chile and Mission is California

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9
Q

What European group had a large influence in Argentine Wine making?

A

Italians and due to the mass emigration of Europeans to Argentina similar to what happened to the United States

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10
Q

What wine law system does the Argentine follow?

A

Laws are similar to the United States:

  • Loose Based
  • Unrestrictive and Relax
  • Can grow anything you want and anywhere
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11
Q

How are Argentina Wines labeled?

A

By grape variety, and if so at least 80% of grape used to make the wine must be listed on the label

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12
Q

How does the law work in regards to the labeling of wine regions in Argentina

A

At least 85% of the grapes must have been grown in the listed region

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13
Q

What do they typically age torrontès in?

A

Stainless steel tanks - to maximize the fresh stone fruit and citrus characteristics

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14
Q

Where does most winemaking take place in Argentina

A

In the shadows and countryside of the Andes Mountains

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15
Q

What is the biggest problem facing Argentine winemakers

A

Irrigation due to the rain shadow effect from the Andes Mountains leaving the country mostly dry

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16
Q

How do most of the vines in Argentina get water?

A

The melted snow from the Andes

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17
Q

What is ideal location for growing wine grapes in Argentina?

A

Elevated places - top Vineyards are located in the foothills of Argentina

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18
Q

What is he usually elevation range of Argentine Vineyards?

A

2500 - 4000 feet in elevation and some even reach as high as 7000 feet in elevation

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19
Q

How does high elevations effect the grapes in Argentina?

A

The high elevations drops the temperature at night causing the grapes not to over ripen

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20
Q

What is the most important wine region in Argentina?

A

Mendoza located in southern Argentina

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21
Q

Mendoza makes up what percentage of Argentina wine production?

A

70%

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22
Q

The best Torrontès are made in what region of Argentina?

A

Northern region of Salta

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23
Q

What are the main grapes of the Salta Region?

A

White : Torrontès

Red: Cabernet Sauvignon

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24
Q

What ancient group created the irrigation system still used today for Vineyards

A

The Huarpe Indians then later developed by the Spanish

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25
Q

Torrontés Riojano and Torrontés Sanjuanijo are crossings of what two grapes

A

Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria

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26
Q

From North to South:

Atacama

Coquimbo

Aconcagua

Valle Central ( Central Valley)

Sur (the southern region)

Austral Region

These are the 6 regional Denominations of Origins (DOs) of what country

A

Chile

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27
Q

What is the main climate of Chile

A

Maritime

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28
Q

What is the name of the current that cools the Vines of Chile

A

Humboldt Current

  • forces cool sea air inland through the river valleys to affect the Central Valley Vineyards during your day
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29
Q

The best vineyards in Chile are located where

A

Valle Central (Central Valley)

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30
Q

What is the law of 75%

A

The vintage, varietal and denomination of origin must, if listed on the bottle comprise a minimum 75% of the blend

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31
Q

When was Chilean wine law established

A

1995

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32
Q

Can you use hybrid grapes in wines in Child

A

No, they are forbidden

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33
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content for Chilean wines

A

11%

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34
Q

Wines labeled Reserva and Reserva Especial must have a minimum alcohol content of

A

12%

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35
Q

Wines labeled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva must have a minimum alcohol content of

A

12.5

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36
Q

What level wines in Chile have a mandatory requirement of time in Oak

A

Reserva Especial

Gran Reserva

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37
Q

What is the leading grape of Chile

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

País 🔴

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38
Q

What are some secondary Red grapes of Chile

A

Merlot 🔴

Carmenère 🔴

Syrah 🔴

Pinot Noir 🔴

Cabernet Franc 🔴

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39
Q

What are some white grapes of Chile

A

Sauvignon Blanc ⚪

Sauvignon Vert⚪

Sémillon ⚪

Muscat of Alexandria ⚪

Chardonnay ⚪

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40
Q

What type of grapes account for approximately 73% of the total acreage in Chile

A

Red grapes 🔴

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41
Q

What is the northern most winegrowing region in Chile

A

Atacama

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42
Q

What region in Chile is the second most northern region? Has two valleys Elqui and Limarí

A

Coquimbo

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43
Q

Where is Syrah very prominent in Chile

A

Coquimbo - Elqui Valley

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44
Q

The Aconcagua DO is named after

A

The Aconcagua River

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45
Q

What are the main soil of Aconcagua Valley

A

Alluvial

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46
Q

What are the main grapes of Aconcagua Valley

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

Merlot 🔴

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47
Q

Who is Errázuriz and where are they located

A

One of Chile’s most prominent estates and winemaking families

  • located in the commune of Panquehue, in the Aconcagua DO
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48
Q

What is Seña

A

Errázuriz iconic Bordeaux style blend

  • placed ahead of both Château Lafita and Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting
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49
Q

What is the oldest and most established winemaking region in Chile

A

Central Valley ( Valle Central)

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50
Q

From North to South:

Maipo Valley

Rapel Valley

Curicó

Maule Valley

These are the DO subregions for what region in Chile

A

Central Valley

51
Q

What is Chiles most famous winemaking area

A

Maipo Valley

52
Q

What grape is famous in Maipo Valley and why

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

  • Cabernet thrives on the well drained low slopes of the Andes
53
Q

What subregion does the capital city of Chile, Santiago lie in

A

Maipo Valley

54
Q

Who is the largest producer in Chile

A

Concha y Toro

55
Q

What are some top houses that are located in Maipo Valley

A

Santa Rita

Concha y Toro

Cousiño Macul

56
Q

What subregion in Maipo Valley dare most of the established houses located

A

Puente Alto

57
Q

What are some of the iconic wines from Puente Alto

A

Concha y Toro - Don Melchor

Errázuriz - Viñedo Chadwick

Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild - Almaviva

58
Q

Cachapoal and Colchagua these are the two areas for what region in Chile

A

Rapel Valley

59
Q

Which of the two areas of Rapel Valley is located closed to the Pacific Ocean

A

Colchagua

60
Q

Which of the two areas of Rapel Valley is located more inland

A

Cachapoal

61
Q

What is the main grape of Rapel Valley

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

62
Q

What are some features about Colchagua

A
  • it is the largest of two areas that make up Rapel Valley
  • it’s lies in the central portion of the Valley
  • warm climate and fertile soils
  • historically a bulk wine region
63
Q

Where in Colchagua does premium wine have success

A

Apalta - Eastern Colchagua

64
Q

Casas Lapostolle - Casa Apalta

Viña Montes - Alpha M

These two iconic Chilean Bordeaux style blends are made from where in Chile

A

Apalta - Eastern Colchagua (Rapel Valley)

65
Q

What region in Central Valley has more vineyard acreage than Maipo Valley

A

Maule Valley

66
Q

What is the main grape of Maule Valley

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

67
Q

What type of wines do they make in Maule Valley

A

Bulk wines - meant for local consumption

68
Q

What region of Chile has two subregions named Lontué and Teno

A

Curicó Valley

69
Q

What Valley was made famous and gained international recognition when Miguel Torres set up operations there in the late 1970’s

A

Curicó Valley

70
Q

What is the main red grapes of Curicó Valley

A

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

71
Q

What are some white varietals that grow in Curicó Valley

A

Sauvignon Blanc ⚪

Chardonnay ⚪

72
Q

Costa

Entre Cordilleras

Andes

What do these terms mean in accordance to Chilean wine

A

In 2012 the Chiliean Mnistry of Agriculture amended wine law to support these three georgraphic features

  • on labels producers may now append pre existing DOs with one of these three new designations, which signify the proximity of a vineyard to the Coast or to the mountains

-

73
Q

What does Costa mean

A

By the Coast

74
Q

What does Entre Cordilleras means

A

Between the mountains

  • describes the Valley areas between the coastal range
75
Q

What does the term Andes mean

A

This is a region in which over 3/4 of Chilean wine grapes are grown

76
Q

How does one qualify to use one of the 3 new geographic locations

A

At least 85% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region

77
Q

What side of Argentina are most of their vineyards located

A

On the western side of the country, in the plains and foothills near the Andes

78
Q

What is the climate of Argentina

A

Continental

79
Q

Does Argentina get effected by rain shadow

A

Yes, from the Andes Mountains

80
Q

What is the Zonda Winds

A

A fierce, dusty, hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in Argentina in the late spring and early summer, sometimes adversely affecting flowering

81
Q

What helps keep the vineyards of Argentina fungal free

A

The general lack of humidity

82
Q

Where does most of the irrigation for the vineyards in Argentina come from

A

Snow melting from the mountains, especially years where the Andes receive heavy winter snowfall

83
Q

What form does the little moisture and precipitation come from in Argentina for the vineyards

A

Dangerous spring and summer hail

84
Q

Which very hot summers, what helps protect the vineyards

A

The fact that they have some of the highest elevations in the world

  • some reaching 3,000 meters above sea level, in Salta, at Donald Hess Colomé Estate
85
Q

What is the national average elevation for vineyards in Argentina

A

900 meters above sea level

86
Q

What are the main red grapes of Argentina

A

In descending order

Malbec 🔴 - flagship varietal

Bonarda 🔴

Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴

Syrah 🔴

Merlot 🔴

Tempranillo 🔴

87
Q

What are the main white grapes of Argentina

A

Pedro Giménez ⚪ - unrelated to the grape of the same name ( Pedro Ximénez) from Spain

Torrontés ⚪

Chardonnay ⚪

Chenin Blanc ⚪

88
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Argentina

A

Pedro Giménez

89
Q

What are some of the pink skinned grapes from Argentina

A

Cereza

Criolla Chica

Criolla Grande

90
Q

When working with the premium in both red and white wine grapes of Argentina what labeling options do you have

A

Reserva

Gran Reserva

91
Q

What are the requirements for a wine to be labeled white wine Reserva in Argentina

A

6 months of aging

92
Q

What is the requirements for Red Wine Reserva in Argentina

A

1 year aging

93
Q

What is the requirements for Argentina white wine Grand Reserva

A

1 year of aging

94
Q

What is the requirements for Argentina Red wine Grand Reserva

A

2 years of aging

95
Q

The labeling terms Reserva and Grand Reserva were introduced to Argentina in what year

A

2008

96
Q

What are Cuyo and Patagonia

A

These are the major winemaking areas of Argentina

  • both located in northwestern Argentina
  • Cuyo - is centralized
  • Patagonia is more southern
97
Q

Approximately 3/4 of Argentinas entire wine production occurs in what province

A

Cuyo - (Mendoza)

98
Q

Mendoza

La Rioja

San Juan

These are wine producing provinces for what area in Argentina

A

Cuyo

99
Q

What is the northern most province in Cuyo

A

La Rioja

100
Q

What is the main grape of La Rioja in Argentina

A

Torrontés ⚪

101
Q

Where is Famatina Valley the most famous wine region at in Argentina

A

La Rioja

102
Q

What is Argentina’s second largest wine producing province

A

San Juan (Cuyo)

103
Q

Tulum

Zonda

Ullum

Jáchal

Fetil Valleys

They are areas in what province in Argentina

A

San Juan

104
Q

What are the main grapes of San Juan

A

Argentinas pink skinned varieties

Criolla Chica

Cereza

Criolla Grande

105
Q

Mendoza is divided up into how many areas

A

5

Northern

Central (Upper)

Southern

Eastern

Uco Valley

106
Q

What is the main soil type of Mendoza

A

Comprised of loose, alluvial sand over clay

107
Q

Are most of all the Vines in Mendoza on their own rootstock

A

Yes they are

108
Q

What is the climate of Mendoza

A

Desert like, irrigation is absolutely necessary

109
Q

What is furrow irrigation and where is it used

A

Used in Mendoza due to its desert like climate

  • furrow irrigation was developed by the Incas in which the rivers water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, directed through the vineyards in channels
110
Q

What are the two types of irrigation techniques used in Mendoza

A

Drip irrigation - modern technique

Furrow irrigation - traditional technique

111
Q

What is the most planted red grape of Mendoza

A

Malbec

112
Q

Luján de Cuyo and Maipú

San Rafael

What are unique about these two departments of Mendoza

A

They are the only two DOC’s of Argentina authorized only for Malbec Wines

113
Q

Catena

Susana Bambo’s - Dominio del Plata

Bressia

Achával Ferrer

These are some of the top estates for what area in Argentina

A

Mendoza

114
Q

Is oak used in Mendoza

A

Wines in Mendoza usually undergo some degree of French and American oak treatment

115
Q

What is the main grape in the southern Mendoza department of San Rafael

A

Chenin Blanc ⚪

116
Q

What is the main river of Mendoza

A

The Mendoza river

117
Q

When was Malbec introduced to Argentina

A

1868

118
Q

Where in Mendoza has the longest tradition of fine wine

A

Central Mendoza

119
Q

The Tunuyán River is located in what part of Mendoza

A

East Mendoza

120
Q

Diamante River

Atuel River

These are the two main rivers for what department in Mendoza

A

San Rafael

121
Q

What area in Mendoza has the coolest climate

A

San Rafael

122
Q

Where are the highest vineyards located Mendoza are located where

A

Tupungato - Uco Valley ( Valle de Uco)

123
Q

The southern most region in Cuyo Providence

A

Mendoza

124
Q

Name the regions from Mendoza from North to South

A

La Rioja

San Juan

Mendoza

Sommelier (Original) (50 decks)

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