French Winemaking Terms

Question 1

Debourbage

Answer 1

Settling

Question 2

Maceration Pelliculaire

Answer 2

White wine skin contact

Question 3

Manno Proteins

Answer 3

The autolysis product that adds the creamy character to sparkling wines

Question 4

Bâttonage

Answer 4

Lees stirring

Question 5

Passerillage

Answer 5

The twisting of the stalk to stop the flow of sap. Used in late harvest wines to desiccate the grapes

Question 6

Moelleux

Answer 6

semi-sweet

Question 7

Liquoreux

Answer 7

Sweet, with botytis

Question 8

What are the requirements for Vin Doux Natural

Answer 8

Grapes must be harvested at min 14.5% potential alcohol
Mutage is 95% neutral grape alcohol
80 - 110 g/l RS

Question 9

Mutage

Answer 9

Addition of grape spirit to fermenting must, that doesn’t contain any solids

Question 10

Mutage sur marc

Answer 10

Addition of grape spirit to fermenting must, that contains solids (Marc = pomace)

Question 11

Bonbonnes

Answer 11

Glass Demi-johns

Question 12

Rosé de presse

Answer 12

Direct press rosé

Question 13

Rose de Saignée

Answer 13

Bleeding the red wine juice

Question 14

Cuvaison Rapide

Answer 14

Warm extraction before pressing for rosé wines

Question 15

Rosé de maceration

Answer 15

Maceration method like saignée but all the tank is drained

Question 16

Where is rosé de maceration used?

Answer 16

Tavel

Question 17

What is vin clair?

Answer 17

Champagne base wine

Question 18

What is the assemblage in Champagne?

Answer 18

The blending of base wines

Question 19

What’s the result of assemblage?

Answer 19

The cuvee

Question 20

Tirage

Answer 20

Bottling

Question 21

Prise de mousse

Answer 21

2nd fermentation

Question 22

Elevage sur lattes

Answer 22

ageing of the wine on the lattes

Question 23

Remuage

Answer 23

Riddling

Question 24

Pupitres

Answer 24

A-shaped frame used for riddling

Question 25

Degorgement

Answer 25

Disgorgement

Question 26

A la volée

Answer 26

Degorgement by hand

Question 27

Transversage

Answer 27

Transfer of sparkling wine from 75cl bottles to other sizes

Question 28

Crayère

Answer 28

Chalk cellar in Champagne

Question 29

Juponé

Answer 29

Mushroom shaped cork from a Champagne bottle

Question 30

Chevillé

Answer 30

Peg shaped cork from an (aged) Champagne bottle

Question 31

Pieage

Answer 31

Punching down

Question 32

Remontage

Answer 32

Pumping over

Question 33

Delestage

Answer 33

Rack & return

Question 34

What did Jean-Antoine Chapital invent?

Answer 34

Chapitalisation

Question 35

What's is the labelling term for a semi-sweet wine?

Answer 35

Moelleux

Question 36

What's the term for a non-boterized sweet wine?

Answer 36

Doux

Question 37

What is the term for a botrytised sweet wine?

Answer 37

Liquoreux

Question 38

Which fortification method produces greater tannins and extraction?

Answer 38

Mutage sur marc

Question 39

What is mutage sur grains?

Answer 39

Equivalent to mutage sur marc

Question 40

What term describes the addition of neutral grape spirit to fermenting must?

Answer 40

Mutage

Question 41

What is the term for the addition of grape spirit to macerating/ fermenting must?

Answer 41

Mutage sur marc

Question 42

What is reductive ageing?

Answer 42

The ageing of wine without significant oxygen contact

Question 43

What is oxidative ageing?

Answer 43

The ageing of wine with oxygen contact, typically without topping up

Question 44

What are lattes?

Answer 44

Thin strips of wood used to separate stored champagne bottles in the cellar

Question 45

Roughly how long does the second fermentation take in Champagne?

Answer 45

c. 30 days

Question 46

who invented remuage?

Answer 46

Veuve Cliquot

Question 47

How long does the process of manual remuage take?

Answer 47

3 months

Question 48

How long does remuage in a gyropalette take?

Answer 48

1 week

Question 49

What is the driest style of Champagne?

Answer 49

Brut Nature

Question 50

What style of champagne sits between Brut and Sec?

Answer 50

Extra Sec

Question 51

What style of Champagne sits between Brut Nature and Brut

Answer 51

Extra Brut

Question 52

What is the sweetest style of Champagne?

Answer 52

Doux

Question 53

What is the second sweetest style of Champagne?

Answer 53

Demi-Sec

Question 54

What's the typical pressure of Champagne?

Answer 54

6 atms/ bar

Question 55

What's the minimum ageing period for NV Champagne?

Answer 55

15 months from the start of the 2nd fermentation

Question 56

What's the minimum lees ageing period for NV Champagne?

Answer 56

12 months

Question 57

What's the minimum ageing period for Vintage Champagne?

Answer 57

3 years

Question 58

What's the minimum lees ageing period for vintage Champagne?

Answer 58

12 months

Question 59

What's the minimum lees ageing period for Crémant?

Answer 59

9 months

Question 60

What's the typical pressure for Crémant?

Answer 60

6 atms/ bar

Question 61

What's the minimum ageing period for Mousseux?

Answer 61

Typically none

Question 62

What's the typical pressure for Mousseux?

Answer 62

3 atms/ bar

Question 63

What's the typical pressure for pétillant wines?

Answer 63

1 - 2.5 atms/ bar

Question 64

Do pet nat wines typically have residual sugar

Answer 64

Yes.

Question 65

Which is the most extractive cap management method?

Answer 65

Delestage (rack and return)

Question 66

Which is the least extractive cap management method?

Answer 66

Pieage (Punching down)

Question 67

What's the effect of a shorter CM vatting time on aromatics.

Answer 67

More prominent aromatics as there's more CM character