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1
Q

tinea unguium

A

nail infection

ringworm

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2
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm of body

patches of round red on anterior body

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3
Q

treatment of tinea

A

antifungal

clotrimazole

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4
Q

treatment for tinea capitis and if tinea with oncholysis

A

terbinafine - first line

itraconazole

systemic

both contraindicated in autoimmune diseases

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5
Q

vaso occlusive crisis

A

sickle cell disease

can be precipitated by infection, dehydration, hypoxia

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6
Q

shingles treatment

A

paracetamol, ibuprofen

gabapentin- 2nd line

amitriptyline/ duloxetine

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7
Q

what does wallenberg syndrome affect

A

lateral medulla

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8
Q

which artery does wallenberg syndrome occlude

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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9
Q

wallenberg syndrome symptoms and why?

A

horners syndrome
ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature of face and contralateral of body

hoarse voice
dysphagia
change in taste sensation

cranial nerves 9 and 10
vagus and glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

partial ptosis

miosis- constricted pupils

facial anhidrosis- loss of sweating

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11
Q

webers syndrome which arteries

A

upper basilar and proximal posterior cerebral

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12
Q

webers syndrome symptoms

A

ipsilateral occulomotor palsy and contralateral hemiparesis

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13
Q

basilar artery occulsion symptoms

A

quadriparesis - locked in syndrome

eyes fine

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14
Q

red flag for anorexia nervosa

A

sit-up–squat–stand (SUSS) test

inability to stand up from a chair without using their hands

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15
Q

nephritic syndrome symptoms

A

sudden haematuria

oedema

hypertension

can be post strep throat

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16
Q

most common type of delusion seen in mania

A

grandiose

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17
Q

Nihilistic delusions

A

think they are dead or don’t exist

low mood

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18
Q

somatic delusion

A

believe something is medically /physically wrong with them

psychosis

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19
Q

delusions of control

A

believe someone else is controlling their thoughts or actions

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20
Q

Lactational breast abscess

A

mastitis but has a fluctuant mass

staph aures

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21
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

xmas tree pattern of rash

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22
Q

Lactational breast abscess treatment

A

Incision and drainage or needle aspiration

antibiotics

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23
Q

breast screening

A

every 3 years

50-70

non binary who still have breasts

trans women taking hormones

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24
Q

placental abruption symptoms

A

painful vaginal bleeding

hard/woody, tender uterus

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25
placental abruption
pre mature separation of placenta from uterine wall resulting in haemorrhage
26
placental abruption treatment
delivery- spontaneous or c section induction of labour if no maternal or foetal comprimise
27
if rhesus D negative
give anti D
28
induction of labour
prostaglandins inserted into vagina using gel or pessary
29
full term
37 weeks
30
Placenta praevia symptom
painless bleeding
31
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease organisms
STI spreads from vagina up chlamydia trachomatis neisseria gonorrhoeae
32
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease symptoms
Bilateral abdominal pain Vaginal discharge Post-coital bleeding some RUQ pain - spread to liver fitz high curtis syndrome
33
treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
Ceftriaxone (given intramuscularly) + doxycycline + metronidazole Ofloxacin + metronidazole
34
endometriosis
growth outside uterine cavity
35
endometriosis symptoms and signs
Dysmenorrhoea- painfull periods Dyspareunia- painful sex Subfertility Cyclical rectal bleeding, if endometrium-like tissue grows outside the female reproductive system palpable tender nodular masses
36
endometriosis management
NSAIDS, paracetamol COCP medroxyprogesterone acetate (progesterone) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists surgery
37
which contraceptions prevent ovulation
COCP mini pill- progesterone only patch implant ring
38
how do IUD's work
prevent implantation
39
which hormones in patch
oestrogen and progesterone
40
which hormone in implant
progesterone
41
which hormone in vaginal ring
oestrogen and progesterone
42
pre-labour rupture of membranes symptoms
Foul-smelling or greenish amniotic fluid Maternal fever Reduced foetal movements feeling that waters have broken but no contractions
43
management of pre-labour rupture of membranes
induction of labour if doesn't happen spontaneously in 24h if infection then immediate induction if low foetal heart beat then c section
44
what confirms diagnosis of pre-labour rupture of membranes
actim PROM vaginal swab detects insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) which is highter in amniotic fluid then blood
45
narcoplexy
excessive sleepiness during the day
46
DVLA and epilepsy 1 seizure
car/motorbike 6 months bus/lorry 5 years
47
DVLA and epilepsy 1+seizure
car/motorbike 1 year bus/lorry 10 year
48
bad prognosis in hodgkins
ESR >50 mm/Hr without B symptoms ESR > 30 mm/Hr with B symptoms Age >50
49
ovarian cancer marker
ca - 125
50
menupause
when no period for a year
51
perimenupausal medication
Oral sequential combined hormone replacement therapy
52
breast lump found over 30
urgent referral
53
Monozygotic twins
identical fertilisation of one egg and one sperm
54
Dichorionic and diamniotic
identical twins 2 different sacs
55
Monochorionic and diamniotic
same outer sac, two inner sacs identical twins
56
Monochorionic and monoamniotic
same sacs identical twins highest risk
57
Dizygotic twins
non identical twins fertilisation of two different eggs with two different sperms two separate outer and inner sacs
58
ovarian cyst
cyst on ovary most women get it once during lifetime
59
ovarian cyst symptoms
asymptomatic acute unilateral pain that starts during exercise bleeding in peritoneum
60
Ovarian torsion
sudden, severe pain unilateral nausea and vomiting.
61
appendicitis
gradual pain
62
diagnostic test for ovarian test
laparoscopy
63
management for ovarian cyst
pain management laporoscopy/laporotomy
64
risk factors for c diff
being in hospital older antibiotics
65
treatment for covid
dexamethasone adn remdesivir
66
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS).
rare autoimmune disorder autoantibodies that target pre-synaptic voltage-gated calcium channels affecting neurotransmission half related to small cell lung cancer
67
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) signs and symptoms
Limb weakness proximal and symmetrical orthostatic hypotension impotence dry mouth no tendon reflexes
68
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) investigations
test for autoantibodies nerve conduction studies- doubles muscle action potential after exercise CXR - cancer
69
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) management
Amifampridine
70
does meningitis cause confusion
no
71
what is encephalitis caused by
herpes simplex t1
72
fibrocystic disease of breast
most common benign bilateral breast lumps and pain cyclic and worse before period supportive
73
what to test for when got tb
HIV
74
miscarriage
before 24 weeks
75
Threatened miscarriage
cervix closed painless bleeding foetus heart beat present early pregnancy
76
inevitable misscarriage
heavy bleeding and pain cervix open (inevitable as foetus will be lost)
77
complete misscarrage
uterus empty
78
missed miscarriage
foetus there but dead doesn't realise happened
79
management of miscarriage
conservartive- wait to come out misoprostol dilation and curettage
80
risk for breast cancer
late menopause and early periods
81
what drugs worsen myasthenia gravis
beta blockers, antimalarials, lithium
82
pyridostigmine
myasthenia gravis anticholinesterase inhibitor
83
depression management once symptoms better with meds
continue for another 6 months
84
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
prion disease neuronal loss
85
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) symptoms
fast dementia visual, ataxia weakness psych symptoms limb jerks
86
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) diagnosis
tonsil or olfactory biopsy EEG-sharp complexes MRI
87
lewy body dementia
third most common parkinsonism visual hallucinations alpha synuclein/lewy bodies
88
second most common dementia
vascular
89
lewy body vs parkinsons
lewy body- if dementia and mov disorder within a year of each other parkinsons- if a year apart
90
Fronto-temporal dementia
behaviour change - repetitive checking behaviour dementia speech affected
91
Fronto-temporal dementia causes/RF
repetitive head injury picks bodies (TAU protein stain silver that don't stain silver in alzheimer)

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