Function of anatomical structures

Question 1

Globus pallidus is a?

Answer 1

Basal ganglia nucleus

Question 2

Corpus callosum

Answer 2

Major commissural tract btw hemispheres

Question 3

Fornix
What?
From?
To?
For?

Answer 3

Major efferent pathway
From: hippocampus
To: forebrain regions
For: learning and memory

Question 4

Septal area

Answer 4

small nucleus along midline, tightly linked to hippocampus.

Question 5

Internal capsule

Answer 5

bundle made up of cortical and subcortical axons to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 6

Cortical white matter

Answer 6

axons that travel to and from the cerebral cortex to other cortical and subcortical regions

Question 7

Thalamic anterior nuclei

Answer 7

to: cingulate cortex
for: limbic functions

Question 8

Thalamic ventral lateral nucleu

Answer 8

to: primary motor cortex
for: controlling ongoing movements

Question 9

Thalamic ventral anterior nucleus

Answer 9

to: pre-motor cortex
for: motor planning

Question 10

Thalamic ventral posterior nucleus

Answer 10

to: primary somatosensory cortex
for: process info for touch, pain, temp and proprioception

Question 11

Thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 11

to: primary visual cortex
for: processing visual info

Question 12

Thalamic medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 12

to: primary auditory cortex
for: processing auditory info

Question 13

Thalamic pulvinar

Answer 13

to: parietal-temporal associate cortices
for: integrating high order sensory info, perception, language

Question 14

Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus

Answer 14

to: prefrontal cortex
for: processing cognitive ino

Question 15

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 15

part of limbic system

processes info on emotion, motivation, reward

Question 16

Pontine nuclei

Answer 16

Pons

from: motor cortex
to: cerebellum

Question 17

Cerebellum

Answer 17

integrates and processes info for coordination and motor control

Question 18

Superior colliculus

Answer 18

from: retina

to control eye movements (visual saccades)

Question 19

PAG

Answer 19

Important in pain suppression

Question 20

Red nucleus
from: 
to:
for:
tract:

Answer 20

from: cerebellum
to: spinal cord
for: control of movement
involved in rubrospinal tract

Question 21

Substantia nigra
In:
For:

Answer 21

In: basal ganglia
contrains dopaminergic
important for: motor control and reward-related behavior

Question 22

What tracts pass through the basis pedunculi

Answer 22

Corticospinal
Corticobulbar
Corticopontine

Question 23

Anterior Pyramids

Answer 23

Medulla

has: corticospinal tract
from: motor cortex
to: spinal cord

Question 24

Pyramidal decussation

Answer 24

Medulla

lateral corticospinal tracts cross

Question 25

Dorsal column nuclei

Answer 25

Medulla forms medial lemniscus receives somatosensory input from dorsal column

Question 26

Medial lemniscus

Answer 26

from: dorsal column nuclei (gracile and cuneate nuclei) to: thalamus about: touch

Question 27

Reticular formation

Answer 27

large & small neurons & axonal tracts reticulospinal tract important for: sensory-motor integration to: spinal cord & thalamus

Question 28

Inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 28

source of excitation in Purkinje neurons in cerebellum | important in motor coordination

Question 29

Sulcus limitans

Answer 29

separates sensory and motor CN nuclei on the ventricular floor

Question 30

3 types of hypothalamic nuclei

Answer 30

Lateral Medial Paraventricular

Question 31

4 ways brain capillaries differ

Answer 31

1. Endothelial cells do not have vesicular transport 2. Endothelial cells are not porous 3. Endothelial cells are linked by tight junctions 4. Capillaries are surrounded by astrocyte end feet

Question 32

Hypothalamus functions

Answer 32

Autonomic regulation of body temp, hunger, and sleep and secretes neurohormones

Question 33

Pineal gland

Answer 33

secretes melatonin | involved in sleep/wake cycle

Question 34

Internal capsule

Answer 34

Carries tracts btw cortex and many subcortical regions

Question 35

Inferior olive

Answer 35

nucleus that serves as main source of cerebellar input

Question 36

Broca's area is for

Answer 36

creating speech

Question 37

Wernicke's area is for

Answer 37

understanding language

Question 38

Putamen | Does 2 things:

Answer 38

Regulate movement | Influence learning

Question 39

Caudate nucleus is involved in

Answer 39

learning and memory

Question 40

Cingulate gyrus important in information related to 3 things

Answer 40

Emotions Motivation Rewards

Question 41

4 C-shaped structures

Answer 41

Corpus callosum Cingulate gyrus Fornix Caudate nucleus