Functional Anatomy Basic Principles

Question 1

What does the term medial mean?

Answer 1

Closest to the midline/ movement towards the midline

Question 2

What does the term lateral mean?

Answer 2

Further from the midline/movement away from the midline

Question 3

What does the term proximal mean?

Answer 3

Closer or nearest to a reference point

Question 4

What does the term distal mean?

Answer 4

Further or furthest from a reference point

Question 5

What does superior mean?

Answer 5

Above

Question 6

What does inferior mean?

Answer 6

Below

Question 7

What does anterior mean?

Answer 7

Front

Question 8

What does posterior mean?

Answer 8

Back

Question 9

What does the term L psi lateral mean?

Answer 9

On the same side as a particular reference point

Question 10

What does the term contra lateral mean?

Answer 10

On the opposite side to a particular reference point

Question 11

What are the 6 basic movements occurring in various combinations in the joints of the body

Answer 11

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Abduction
4. Adduction
5. Medial rotation
6. Lateral rotation

Question 12

What does the term planes mean?

Answer 12

Movement is said to occur in a specific plane if it is along the plane or parallel to it. Movement in a plane is best seen from a position perpendicular to the plane of movement, this allows focus on the axis of rotation

Question 13

Name the 3 different joint types in the human body.

Answer 13

1. Synarthrosis (immovable- fibrous)
2. Amphiarthrosis ( slightly moveable- cartilaginous)
3. Diarthrosis( freely moveable- synovial)

Question 14

What are the key features of synovial joints?

Answer 14

Joint cavity (synovial fluid)
Synovial membrane
Articular capsule
Hyaline cartilage

Question 15

What does the term lever mean?

Answer 15

A rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point. However in the body levers consist of a series of bones bound together by ligaments and muscles. They may be thought of momentary levers assembled for a specific task at the time of use.

Question 16

What are the 3 basic units and what are their functions?

Answer 16

Fulcrum- point about which movement takes place
Load- the resistance or weight to be moved
Effort- the force applied to move the load

Question 17

What are the 2 basic functions of all levers?

Answer 17

To overcome a resistance greater than the effort applied
To increase the distance the resistance moves for a given movement of the effort