Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the 5 main roles of the musculoskeletal system?
Support, protection, movement, storage and blood cell production
What does support do for the MKS?
- Rigid strong bones, bear weight
- Cartilage forms additional firm but flexible support within certain structures
What does movement do for the MKS?
- Skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons. The muscle contractions pull on the tendons to move the bone which causes overall body movement.
- Joints permit and define the movement between bones
What does protection do for the MKS?
- Bones can protect the organs it surrounds
- Smooth cartilage covers ends of some bones which allows low friction movement
- Ligaments connect bones to bones across a joint to prevent excessive movement outside the realms of the joint.
What does storage do for the MKS?
- Some minerals are taken into bone for storage and can be replaced if and when required
- Fat is also stored and can be used for energy
What does blood cell production do for the MKS?
Many bones contain cavities that are filled with bone marrow, this is essential in the production of blood cells and platelets
What are the 3 different tissue types?
Bone, muscle, connective tissue
What is cartilage?
Connective tissue which forms the articular surface of synovial joints. Soft, slightly elastic tissue consisting of matrix of chondrin
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
What does elastic cartilage do?
Consists of yellow elastic fibres running through a solid matrix. Cells lay between fibres e.g. epiglottis
What does fibrocartilage do?
Consists of dense mass of white fibres in solid matrix. Cells spread thinly among the fibres. Though, slightly flexible e.g. between bones of the vertebrae
What does hyaline cartilage do?
Appears as smooth blush-white matrix. Matrix is solid, smooth and firm. Cells appear in groups forming a nest e.g. on the surfaces of bones that forms joints
What do tendons and ligaments consist of?
Soft connective tissue composed of densely packed collagen fibres
White
Relatively elastic
Mechanical properties vary with shape
Cells in tendons and ligaments are called fibroblasts
What is compact bone?
- Consists of thousands of collagen structures- Haversian systems
- Consists of central canal through which blood and lymph vessels as well as nerves pass- surround by ring shaped calcium based plates= lamellae
What does spongy bone consist of?
- Honeycomb appearances
- Consists of thin matrix of bone tissues trabeculae
- Red bone marrow fills ting spaces
What is a long bone?
Longer than they are wide e.g. femur
Hollow cylindrical shaft with cancellous bone at knobbly ends of the shaft.
What are short bones?
As broad as they are long.
Nearly cubed or round shaped e.g. carpals in the wrist
Entirely cancellous bone surrounded by thin layer of compact bone
What are flat bones?
Flattened, thin shaped, usually curved e.g. ribs
What are irregular bones?
Shapes do not fit into other categories e.g. vertebrae and facial bones
What are sesamoid bones?
A bone formed within a tendon to protect the joint and tendon to protect the joint and tendon from wear e.g. patella
What does the term prime mover mean?
One muscle plays major role in accomplishing the desire movement e.g. biceps as an arm flexor
What does the term antagonist mean?
Muscles working in opposition to another muscle triceps brachii- antagonist to biceps and extends the forearm
What does the term synergist mean?
Muscles which hold body position to enable agonist to operate, essential it is an assistant
What does the term fixators mean?
May stabilise joint/s crossed by the prime mover, holds joints in place
