Functional MRI/fMRI

Question 1

If something is ________, it is relating to the flow of blood within tissue/organs:

Answer 1

Haemodynamic

Question 2

The process of oxygenated blood entering the arterioles from the arteries is known as the ____ state:

Answer 2

Basal

Question 3

The network of capillaries supporting an organ is known as the _____ ___:

Answer 3

Capillary bed

Question 4

The blood vessels connecting the arteries & capillaries are called ______:

Answer 4

Arterioles

Question 5

_____ are the small blood vessels responsible for receiving blood from the capillaries:

Answer 5

Venules

Question 6

The cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures the rate at which blood is delivered from the ____ to the _____ __:

Answer 6

Arteries; capillary bed

Question 7

What is Broca’s area, found in the left side of the brain, responsible for?

Answer 7

Speech production & fluency

Question 8

The injection of radioactive glucose into participants is involved in which technique?

Answer 8

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans

Question 9

______ directly measures electrical activity in the brain:

Answer 9

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 10

Functional MRI (or fMRI) measures what?

Answer 10

How an MRI signal changes over time

Question 11

Fill in the gaps: fMRI is a _____ technique that takes advantage of the _____ response that occurs while someone is moving or resting, allowing for lots of ____ images to be taken:

Answer 11

Neuroimaging; haemodynamic; fast

Question 12

fMRI is more similar to _____ MRI than it is to _____ MRI:

Answer 12

Diffusion; structural

Question 13

Approximately how many images can fMRI produce in 5 minutes?

Answer 13

Between 100-300

Question 14

Like diffusion MRI, fMRI is susceptible to artefacts. True or false?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

3 key properties of fMRI include ____ resolution, ____ imaging and _____ images taken at once:

Answer 15

Low; fast; several

Question 16

One limitation of fMRI is that is cannot measure the ____ and ____ activity of neurons:

Answer 16

Metabolic; electrical

Question 17

fMRI can indirectly measure the blood oxygen levels resulting from electrical & metabolic neural activity. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the 2 complementary techniques of fMRI?

Answer 18

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans & electroencephalography (EEG) scans

Question 19

PET scans allow for multiple attempts. True or false?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What may prohibit multiple attempts at PET scans?

Answer 20

The effects of prolonged exposure to radiation

Question 21

PET scans have slower _____ resolution when compared to fMRI:

Answer 21

Temporal

Question 22

PET scans allow us to measure brain metabolism directly. True or false?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

One property of an EEG is that there is no ____ involved:

Answer 23

Magnet

Question 24

True or false? EEG has a slower temporal resolution when compared to fMRI:

Answer 24

False; it is faster

Question 25

A limitation of EEG scans are that they can only measure at the cortical surface. True or false?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

One implication of the case study looking into the location of brain activity in word generation tasks is that there must be an appropriate ____ to compare word events to:

Answer 26

Baseline (null events)

Question 27

Which part of the brain is likely to be activated when completing a word generation task?

Answer 27

Broca's area

Question 28

When performing a word generation task during an fMRI, a ____ is generated when a ____ is presented:

Answer 28

Verb; noun

Question 29

When performing a word shadowing task during an fMRI, a ____ is repeated when a ____ is presented:

Answer 29

Verb; verb

Question 30

In the case study presented in lecture 3, null events present a ____ component, but no ____ component:

Answer 30

Visual; word

Question 31

If I were presented the noun "bird" during an fMRI and the verb "fly" was produced, what event has occurred?

Answer 31

A word generation task

Question 32

In the activated state of the haemodynamic response, oxygenated blood enters the ____ and arrives in the _____:

Answer 32

Arterioles; venules

Question 33

Activation of the haemodynamic response results in increased ____, _____ and _____ supply:

Answer 33

cerebral blood flow (CBF); CBV; oxygen

Question 34

Place each event in order: activated state, increased MRI signal, activation, basal state:

Answer 34

Basal state; activated state; activation; increased MRI signal

Question 35

Inducing the haemodynamic response is non-invasive for participants. True or false?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Due to their differing properties, the MRI signal is increased for _____ haemoglobin as opposed to ____ haemoglobin:

Answer 36

Oxygenated; deoxygenated

Question 37

In what state of the haemodynamic response is oxygen taken by neurons from the capillary bed?

Answer 37

The activated state

Question 38

During which part of the haemodynamic response is oxygen taken into the arterioles from red blood cells?

Answer 38

During the basal state

Question 39

What is the implication of the haemodynamic response on fMRI?

Answer 39

The change in blood flow can be picked up in images