The Scientific Method

Question 1

What are the 4 approaches to understanding?

Answer 1

Authority, analogy, rule, empiricism

Question 2

What is the authority approach to understanding?

Answer 2

Seeking knowledge from sources thought to be valid & reliable

Question 3

What is the analogy approach to understanding?

Answer 3

Making abstract connections between new & old information

Question 4

What is the rule approach to understanding?

Answer 4

Establishing general logic that can be used to reach a conclusion

Question 5

What is the empirical approach to understanding?

Answer 5

Gaining knowledge through observations of behaviour

Question 6

The process of collecting, analysing and drawing conclusions about data is an example of the ______ approach to understanding:

Answer 6

Empirical

Question 7

What is the main disadvantage of the authority approach?

Answer 7

If knowledge is obtained from an unreliable source, people may get a skewed view of the world

Question 8

The rule approach suggests that science is a combination of ____ & ____:

Answer 8

Rules & observations

Question 9

In the Lecture 3 car example, what were the 3 main advantages of the science associated with buying the car?

Answer 9

Several observations, a random sample & control of extraneous variables

Question 10

When a hypothesis is shown not to be false, it is ____, not true:

Answer 10

Confirmed

Question 11

If a hypothesis is able to be proven false, then it is ______.

Answer 11

Falsifiable

Question 12

What is a hypothesis in psychology?

Answer 12

A formally stated expectation about a behaviour

Question 13

When testing a hypothesis, what are the 2 things a researcher must be able to do?

Answer 13

Identify flaws; learn how to avoid flaws

Question 14

Hypotheses must always be subject to _____ testing.

Answer 14

Constant

Question 15

What are the 4 goals of science?

Answer 15

Description, explanation, prediction, control

Question 16

The main difference between a true experiment and a quasi-experiment is _________

Answer 16

Random assignment

Question 17

The factor of an experiment that is not directly manipulated is called a ________ variable:

Answer 17

Subject

Question 18

If the experiment is quasi, then it cannot be concluded that there is a ______ ___________ between the IV and pattern of results:

Answer 18

Causal relationship

Question 19

Control groups do not receive _________ __________.

Answer 19

Experimental treatment

Question 20

If neither participant nor researcher knows which condition participants are assigned to, then the study is _____________.

Answer 20

Double-blind

Question 21

If the researcher knows which condition participants are assigned to but the participants themselves do not, then the study is __________.

Answer 21

Single-blind

Question 22

The principle that the optimal level of stress produces the best performance can be attributed to which model?

Answer 22

The Yerkes-Dodson Curve