Introduction to Neuroimaging (MRI)

Question 1

Which unit of the nervous system is responsible for sending & receiving neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

The ____ ____ is the core of the neuron containing genetic information:

Answer 2

Cell body

Question 3

_____ are tail-like structures covered in _____ that conduct electrical signals:

Answer 3

Axons; myelin

Question 4

These are the “roots” of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons:

Answer 4

Dendrites

Question 5

____ helps determine the magentic resonance signals & contrasts:

Answer 5

Myelin

Question 6

What type of brain matter is filled with axons & other cells, and is found deeper in the brain?

Answer 6

White matter

Question 7

____ matter creates a “ribbon” around the edge of the brain & is filled with cell bodies:

Answer 7

Grey

Question 8

What is responsible for delivering nutrients to the brain & removing waste?

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 9

____ is a tool used to measure brain activity:

Answer 9

MRI

Question 10

_____ MRI measures the brain’s gross anatomy through its magentic properties:

Answer 10

Structural

Question 11

The almond-shaped structure in the brain thought to detect threatening stimuli is called the:

Answer 11

Amygdala

Question 12

MRI stands for:

Answer 12

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 13

Fill in the gaps: MRI works because the ____ properties of _____ ions in brain matter tend to move toward the magnetic field created by ____ scanners, thus allowing images to be taken:

Answer 13

Magnetic; hydrogen; MRI

Question 14

If an ion has magnetic properties, then it has:

Answer 14

Nett Magnetic Moment (M)

Question 15

Why might it be useful that white and grey matter have varying amounts of water?

Answer 15

Because it is easier to distinguish between tissue types when viewing images

Question 16

Structural MRI has a high resolution ( approx. <1mm). True or false?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

A benefit of structural MRI is that it helps us visualise lesions that may indicate brain disorders. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Structural MRI is beneficial because it allows us to measure the deeper parts of the brain. True or false?

Answer 18

False

Question 19

A patient moving while in an MRI scanner may cause ___ and ___ in images:

Answer 19

Artefacts; noise

Question 20

Can the resolution of structural MRI be changed?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Structural MRI can be used to detect changes in ___ and ____ ____ content:

Answer 21

Iron; white matter

Question 22

Structural MRI can directly measure tissue type and is able to distinguish bone from air. True or false?

Answer 22

False

Question 23

___ scans and ____ are two complimentary techniques of structural MRI:

Answer 23

CT (computerised tomography); histology

Question 24

What 2 things may histology be able to show us if complimenting structural MRI?

Answer 24

Cells & microstructure

Question 25

Computerised tomography (CT) scans are able to show us bones, _____, _____ and tumours:

Answer 25

Membranes; vessels

Question 26

When choosing which technique to measure brain activity, it must be appropriate to the research question. True or false?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

If I were investigating whether the shape of the amygdala changes for people who are more or less anxious, what type of MRI may I use?

Answer 27

Structural

Question 28

Structural MRI can have several ____ of freedom:

Answer 28

Degrees

Question 29

Structural MRI are beneficial for patients, as they are non-invasive and not intense (meaning they won't feel anything when given the scan). True or false?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

In a study conducted to investigate whether grey matter volume shrinks with age, what neuroimaging technique might be used?

Answer 30

Structural MRI

Question 31

If it were hypothesised that older individuals would have less grey matter than younger individuals, what would the null hypothesis be?

Answer 31

There will be no difference in grey matter for older individuals compared to younger individuals

Question 32

What type of statistics might be used to understand whether the two distributions of grey matter in younger & older individuals are significantly different?

Answer 32

T-test

Question 33

The wider a t-distribution, the ____ reliable it is:

Answer 33

Less

Question 34

If I were to perform structural MRI to understand whether older individuals have less grey matter than younger individuals, what 2 steps might I take?

Answer 34

Brain extraction; tissue segmentation