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PSYC210 Principles of Psychological Research > Introduction to Neuroimaging (MRI) > Flashcards

Introduction to Neuroimaging (MRI) Flashcards

1
Q

Which unit of the nervous system is responsible for sending & receiving neurotransmitters?

A

Neurons

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2
Q

The ____ ____ is the core of the neuron containing genetic information:

A

Cell body

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3
Q

_____ are tail-like structures covered in _____ that conduct electrical signals:

A

Axons; myelin

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4
Q

These are the “roots” of the cell body that receive signals from other neurons:

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

____ helps determine the magentic resonance signals & contrasts:

A

Myelin

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6
Q

What type of brain matter is filled with axons & other cells, and is found deeper in the brain?

A

White matter

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7
Q

____ matter creates a “ribbon” around the edge of the brain & is filled with cell bodies:

A

Grey

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8
Q

What is responsible for delivering nutrients to the brain & removing waste?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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9
Q

____ is a tool used to measure brain activity:

A

MRI

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10
Q

_____ MRI measures the brain’s gross anatomy through its magentic properties:

A

Structural

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11
Q

The almond-shaped structure in the brain thought to detect threatening stimuli is called the:

A

Amygdala

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12
Q

MRI stands for:

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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13
Q

Fill in the gaps: MRI works because the ____ properties of _____ ions in brain matter tend to move toward the magnetic field created by ____ scanners, thus allowing images to be taken:

A

Magnetic; hydrogen; MRI

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14
Q

If an ion has magnetic properties, then it has:

A

Nett Magnetic Moment (M)

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15
Q

Why might it be useful that white and grey matter have varying amounts of water?

A

Because it is easier to distinguish between tissue types when viewing images

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16
Q

Structural MRI has a high resolution ( approx. <1mm). True or false?

A

True

17
Q

A benefit of structural MRI is that it helps us visualise lesions that may indicate brain disorders. True or false?

A

True

18
Q

Structural MRI is beneficial because it allows us to measure the deeper parts of the brain. True or false?

A

False

19
Q

A patient moving while in an MRI scanner may cause ___ and ___ in images:

A

Artefacts; noise

20
Q

Can the resolution of structural MRI be changed?

A

Yes

21
Q

Structural MRI can be used to detect changes in ___ and ____ ____ content:

A

Iron; white matter

22
Q

Structural MRI can directly measure tissue type and is able to distinguish bone from air. True or false?

A

False

23
Q

___ scans and ____ are two complimentary techniques of structural MRI:

A

CT (computerised tomography); histology

24
Q

What 2 things may histology be able to show us if complimenting structural MRI?

A

Cells & microstructure

25
Q

Computerised tomography (CT) scans are able to show us bones, _____, _____ and tumours:

A

Membranes; vessels

26
Q

When choosing which technique to measure brain activity, it must be appropriate to the research question. True or false?

A

True

27
Q

If I were investigating whether the shape of the amygdala changes for people who are more or less anxious, what type of MRI may I use?

A

Structural

28
Q

Structural MRI can have several ____ of freedom:

A

Degrees

29
Q

Structural MRI are beneficial for patients, as they are non-invasive and not intense (meaning they won’t feel anything when given the scan). True or false?

A

True

30
Q

In a study conducted to investigate whether grey matter volume shrinks with age, what neuroimaging technique might be used?

A

Structural MRI

31
Q

If it were hypothesised that older individuals would have less grey matter than younger individuals, what would the null hypothesis be?

A

There will be no difference in grey matter for older individuals compared to younger individuals

32
Q

What type of statistics might be used to understand whether the two distributions of grey matter in younger & older individuals are significantly different?

A

T-test

33
Q

The wider a t-distribution, the ____ reliable it is:

A

Less

34
Q

If I were to perform structural MRI to understand whether older individuals have less grey matter than younger individuals, what 2 steps might I take?

A

Brain extraction; tissue segmentation

PSYC210 Principles of Psychological Research (23 decks)

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