Functionalists - Murdock Flashcards
(21 cards)
What did Murdock conduct a study on?
Cross cultural study of 250 societies
What did Murdock conclude from his studies?
The nuclear family is a universal social institution
What did Murdock argue?
Nuclear family is found in all societies as its best suited to performing the functions
What are the 4 universal functions of the family?
Sexual stabilisation
Primary socialisation
Reproduction
Economic Support
What is the sexual stabilisation?
Stable heterosexual relationships reduce sexual conflict
What does sexual stabilisation help to maintain?
Order in society by discouraging promiscuity which may lead to social instability
What is an example of sexual stabilisation?
In many cultures, marriage is designed to solidify relationships to discourage promiscuity
What is the critique of sexual stabilisation?
The sex industry performs the role of maintaining order in society
What is reproduction?
Generating children
What does Murdock consider vital in reproduction?
Families providing the environment to have and raise children
What is an example of reproduction?
In many societies, children are raised until they take on adult responsibilities
What is a critique for reproduction?
There are alternative methods -
IVF, foster, adoption
What is primary socialisation?
Teaching children norms, values and culture of their society
What is a key word for primary socialisation?
Value consensus
What happens in socialisation?
Children learn how to behave in socially accepted ways
What is an example for primary socialisation?
Parents teach respect for authority, politeness and responsibility to prepare for society
What is the critique for primary socialisation?
Modern institutions replace family
- Nursery, media, religion
What is Economic support?
The family provides basic needs for its members like food, clothing and shelter
What does Murdock see family as?
Family as a unit of economic co-operation
What is an example for Economic support?
In traditional societies, families may work together in farming
In modern societies, one/both parents may way to support financially
What is a critique for Economic support?
Welfare state and healthcare systems provide economic and physical support, replacing families
