Functioning as a Change Agent and Leader Chapter 13 Flashcards

(198 cards)

1
Q

What are the essential qualities of an academic nurse leader?

A

Competence, confidence, courage, creativity, collaboration, therapeutic communication skills

Giddens and Thompson (2018) highlight these qualities as vital for effective leadership in nursing education.

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2
Q

What is a key responsibility of nursing administrators, educators, and clinicians?

A

To keep abreast of the rapidly changing environment in higher education, healthcare, and technology and to make changes proactively

Prut & Thompson (2018) emphasize the need for awareness of key issues affecting the nursing profession.

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3
Q

What strategic competencies are essential for nurse educators to remain viable?

A

Being a visionary and open-minded about change

Ma Regina, Caringal-Go & Magsaysay (2018) discuss the importance of transformation in academic institutions.

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4
Q

What role do effective leaders play?

A

They serve as a group mentor or role model and motivate a diverse group to advance a common role or function

This highlights the selfless trait of leadership.

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5
Q

List the functions of a nurse leader.

A
  • Acting as a role model for others
  • Providing expert nursing care based on theory and research
  • Demonstrating knowledge about organizational theory
  • Collaborating with others to provide optimum healthcare
  • Providing information and support to patients
  • Using advocacy for beneficial changes
  • Following nursing codes of ethics

Grant & Massey (1999) outline these functions as core responsibilities of nurse leaders.

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6
Q

What are the essential leadership competencies outlined by the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

A
  • Collaboration
  • Communication
  • Education
  • Environmental Health
  • Ethics
  • Evidence-based Practice
  • Leadership
  • Professional Practice Evaluation
  • Quality of Practice
  • Resource Utilization

ANA (2018) emphasizes these competencies for effective nursing leadership.

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7
Q

What are the six factors identified by Carroll (2005) for leadership success in the 21st century?

A
  • Personal integrity
  • Strategic vision/action orientation
  • Team building/communication
  • Management and technical competence
  • People skills
  • Personal survival skills/attributes

These factors remain relevant for contemporary leaders.

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8
Q

List some key behaviors essential for effective leaders according to Rubino (2011).

A
  • Professionalism
  • Reciprocal trust and respect
  • Confidence, optimism, and passion
  • Visibility
  • Open communication
  • Taking risks
  • Admitting fault

These behaviors are considered protocols for leadership effectiveness.

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9
Q

What qualities did King (2011) identify as key for a leader?

A
  • Ambition
  • Knowledge of the business
  • Consistency
  • Good listening skills
  • Creativity
  • Ability to own up to mistakes
  • Decision-making skills

These qualities are crucial for leadership success.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The qualities identified by Hossain (2015) as critical for a 21st-century leader include _______.

A

[honesty, vision, inspiration, communication, delegation, decision, courage, fairness, kindness, magnanimity, forward-thinking, knowledge, competency, confidence, commitment, gentle, accountability, creativity, sense of humor, intuition, focus, assertiveness, optimism, balance]

These qualities are not ranked by importance.

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11
Q

What leadership style involves decisions made with input from each team member?

A

Democratic

This style encourages collaboration and team participation.

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12
Q

What is a transformational leader characterized by?

A

Empathy and creating an intellectually stimulating environment

Transformational leaders inspire subordinates’ development and maximize performance outcomes.

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13
Q

What are some key transformational leadership practices?

A
  • Inspiring a shared vision
  • Challenging the process
  • Enabling others to act
  • Encouraging the heart
  • Modeling the way

Ross et al. (2014) highlight these practices as fundamental to transformational leadership.

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14
Q

What competencies are essential for nurse leaders according to Weber, Ward, and Walsh (2015)?

A
  • Influence
  • Emotional intelligence
  • Driving for results
  • Facilitating change
  • High-impact communication
  • Business acumen
  • Aligning performance for success
  • Building a successful team
  • Leading through vision and values
  • Building trust
  • Making decisions/problem solving

These competencies ensure optimal succession planning.

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15
Q

What strategies can be used to foster creativity and innovation in nursing education?

A
  • Educate on creative problem-solving
  • Value creative ‘play’ for idea generation
  • Role model creative practices
  • Recognize and celebrate risk-taking

Snow (2019) provides these strategies to promote an innovative culture.

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16
Q

What behaviors are associated with change management competencies for nurse leaders?

A
  • Leads change by example
  • Adapts plans as necessary
  • Involves key people in design and implementation
  • Manages resistance to change
  • Adapts to external pressures

ANA (2018) emphasizes the importance of these behaviors for effective leadership during change.

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17
Q

What are essential behaviors associated with competencies for managing change?

A
  • Leads change by example
  • Adapts plans as necessary
  • Takes into account people’s concerns during change
  • Effectively involves key people in the design and implementation of change
  • Adjusts management style to changing situations
  • Effectively manages others’ resistance to organizational change
  • Adapts to the changing external pressures facing the organization
  • Is straightforward with individuals about consequences of an expected action or decision
  • Accepts change as positive

These competencies are crucial for leaders in higher education undergoing transformation.

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18
Q

What are the three theoretical perspectives that explain how a person can become a leader?

A
  • Trait Theory
  • Great Events Theory
  • Transformational Leadership

These perspectives highlight different pathways to leadership development.

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19
Q

What is the definition of organizational effectiveness according to Thibodeaux and Favilla (1996)?

A

The extent to which an organization fulfills its objectives without depleting its resources and without placing undue strain on its members and/or society.

This definition emphasizes resource management and member welfare.

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20
Q

What are the six steps to use in assessing an organization’s effectiveness as identified by Martz (2010)?

A
  • Establish the boundaries of the evaluation
  • Conduct a performance needs assessment
  • Define the criteria of merit
  • Plan and implement the evaluation
  • Synthesize performance data with values
  • Communicate and report evaluation findings

These steps guide a comprehensive evaluation process.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary dimensions of evaluation conceptualized by Donabedian are structure, processes, and _______.

A

outcomes

Outcomes are often indicators of the quality of medical care.

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22
Q

What are the five dimensions of ideal change leaders identified by Magsaysay and Hechanova (2017)?

A
  • Strategic/technical competence
  • Execution competence
  • Social competence
  • Character
  • Resilience

These dimensions are essential for effective leadership in change management.

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23
Q

True or False: The predominant view is that organizational culture can be effectively managed.

A

False

While culture cannot be directly managed, it can be influenced through key events and interventions.

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24
Q

What are the sources of influence that a nurse educator can utilize to influence change according to Grenny and colleagues?

A
  • Linking to mission and values
  • Harnessing peer pressure
  • Aligning rewards and assuring accountability
  • Overinvesting in skill building
  • Creating social support
  • Changing the environment

These sources are divided into motivation and ability under personal, social, and structural influences.

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25
What critical competencies for nurse educators relate to the role of change agent and leader according to Green (2006)?
* Collaboration * Systems thinking * Advocacy/moral agency ## Footnote These competencies are vital for fostering effective nursing education and leadership.
26
What does the term 'climate' refer to in the context of organizational culture?
People’s perceptions of organizational interactions and characteristics. ## Footnote Climate influences how members perceive their organization.
27
What is the role of mentorship programs in hospitals according to Nelson, Godfrey, and Purdy (2004)?
Mentorship programs increase recruitment and retention and are cost-effective. ## Footnote Mentors facilitate learning and model leadership skills in nursing.
28
What are the indicators of organizational structures according to Donabedian (2005)?
* Adequacy of facilities and equipment * Qualifications of medical staff and their organization * Administrative structure and operations of programs * Fiscal organization ## Footnote These indicators are crucial for assessing the structural effectiveness of an organization.
29
Fill in the blank: Effective change agents influence and drive change by using several different _______ at the same time.
strategies ## Footnote Combining multiple strategies increases the likelihood of successful change.
30
What is the significance of peer pressure in the context of influencing change?
Peer pressure can serve as a source of motivation to embrace change. ## Footnote Social influences are critical in facilitating organizational change.
31
What are the factors influencing creativity in an organization?
* Challenge/involvement * Freedom * Trust/openness * Time to brainstorm ideas * Playfulness/humor * Conflict * Idea support * Debate * Risk taking ## Footnote These factors affect an individual's perception of the organization's openness to creativity and can catalyze innovation.
32
According to Nauheimer (2005), what levels require transformation for sustained change?
* Individual * Team/unit * Organization or larger system ## Footnote Successful change requires transformation at these three levels.
33
What role does the nurse educator play in the process of change?
Assist in identifying positive opportunities for change and strategies to effectively manage change ## Footnote This includes both planned and unplanned changes.
34
True or False: Successful change can be understood without the use of change theory.
False ## Footnote Change theory is essential for understanding and facilitating successful change.
35
Fill in the blank: Sustained change requires transformation on three levels: individual, team/unit, and _______.
organization or larger system ## Footnote This framework helps in understanding the complexity of change.
36
What must a nurse educator have skill in to facilitate change?
Applying change theory ## Footnote Understanding change theory is crucial for effective management of change.
37
What is the relationship between change and improvement according to White (2004)?
Not all change is improvement, but all improvement is change. ## Footnote This highlights the distinction between mere change and meaningful improvement.
38
What are the foundational skills for being an effective change agent?
Ability to: * Combine ideas from unconnected sources * Energize others by keeping the interest level up * Develop skill in human relations * Retain a big-picture focus while dealing with each part of the system ## Footnote These skills are crucial for nurse leaders to implement change successfully.
39
What essential role functions must nurses fulfill as change agents?
Nurses must be: * Good communicators and listeners * Agile, focused, and detail-oriented * Critical thinkers to judge situations and make appropriate decisions ## Footnote These functions prepare nurses for leadership roles in change management.
40
Fill in the blank: All _______ is change.
improvement
41
True or False: All change results in improvement.
False
42
What qualities should a nurse possess to care for their patients effectively?
Nurses should be: * Good communicators * Agile * Detail-oriented * Critical thinkers ## Footnote These qualities enhance patient care and facilitate effective change.
43
According to Craig (2019), what is a key aspect of being an effective change agent?
Being able to combine ideas from unconnected sources. ## Footnote This skill fosters innovation and creativity in problem-solving.
44
What should a leader be willing to do regarding ideas for improvement?
Be flexible and willing to modify ideas if the modification will improve the change ## Footnote This emphasizes the importance of adaptability in leadership.
45
How should a leader approach discouragement?
Be confident and avoid the tendency to be easily discouraged ## Footnote Confidence is essential for effective leadership.
46
What is a realistic expectation regarding staff acceptance of new processes?
Think realistically regarding how quickly staff will accept and perform new processes competently ## Footnote Understanding staff dynamics is crucial for implementing changes.
47
What characteristic should a leader possess to gain trust?
Be trustworthy, with a track record of integrity and success through other systemic changes ## Footnote Trust is foundational in leadership and change management.
48
What is important for a leader to articulate to instill confidence in others?
A vision through insights and versatile thinking ## Footnote Articulating a clear vision helps guide teams through change.
49
What model focuses on how innovations spread?
Diffusion of Innovation ## Footnote This model explores how new ideas and technologies gain acceptance.
50
What does Davis's Technology Acceptance Model address?
Acceptance of technology by users ## Footnote Understanding user acceptance is critical in technology implementation.
51
What are the three steps of Lewin's Change Theory?
Unfreeze, Change, Refreeze ## Footnote This model sees change as a dynamic balance of forces working in opposing directions.
52
What do driving forces do in Lewin's Change Theory?
Facilitate change ## Footnote Driving forces push individuals or organizations in the desired direction for change.
53
What is the role of restraining forces in Lewin's Change Theory?
Hinder change ## Footnote Restraining forces push individuals or organizations in the opposite direction of the desired change.
54
What must be done to shift the balance towards planned change in Lewin's model?
Forces must be analyzed and manipulated ## Footnote This involves understanding both driving and restraining forces.
55
What is a key characteristic of Lewin's Change Theory?
Rational and goal- and plan-oriented ## Footnote The model does not account for personal factors that can affect change.
56
What does Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory extend?
Lewin's Three-Step Change Theory ## Footnote It focuses on the change agent rather than the change itself.
57
How many steps are in Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory?
Seven steps ## Footnote These steps guide the change process and involve assessing various factors.
58
What is the first step in Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory?
Diagnose the problem ## Footnote This step is crucial for understanding the need for change.
59
What does Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory assess regarding the change agent?
Motivation and capacity for change ## Footnote It evaluates the change agent's commitment, power, and stamina.
60
What is a focus of Lippitt's Phases of Change Theory?
The change agent ## Footnote This is different from Lewin's focus on the change process itself.
61
What are the key elements in maintaining change?
Communication, feedback, and group coordination are essential elements in this step of the change process.
62
What should change agents do over time?
The change agent should gradually withdraw from their role over time as the change becomes part of the organizational culture. ## Footnote (Lippitt, Watson, & Westley, 1960, pp. 58-59, as cited in Kritsonis, 2004-2005)
63
What are Havelock's Six Phases of Change?
Havelock's Six Phases of Change include building a relationship and diagnosing the problem.
64
What is the first step in Havelock's change process?
Building a relationship, regarded as a stage of 'pre-contemplation' where a need for change in the system is determined.
65
What occurs during the diagnosing the problem phase?
The change agent must decide whether or not change is needed or desired, and the process can end if change is deemed unnecessary. ## Footnote This decision can lead to the conclusion that change is either not needed or not worth the effort.
66
What is the first step in acquiring resources for change?
Understanding the need for change and gathering relevant information ## Footnote This involves recognizing the situation that requires change.
67
What is involved in selecting a pathway for the solution?
Choosing a pathway of change from available options and implementing it ## Footnote This step follows after gathering resources and understanding the need for change.
68
Why is establishing and accepting change important?
To ensure that change becomes part of new routine behavior ## Footnote Effective communication, staff response strategies, education, and support systems are crucial during this phase.
69
What must be monitored during the maintenance and separation step?
The affected system to ensure the change is successfully stabilized and maintained ## Footnote This involves guiding the client system in self-renewal.
70
What does Prochaska and DiClemente's Change Theory focus on?
The perspective that a person moves through stages of change ## Footnote This theory outlines a structured understanding of the change process.
71
List the stages of change according to Prochaska and DiClemente's Change Theory.
* Precontemplation * Contemplation * Preparation * Action * Maintenance ## Footnote These stages represent the progression individuals go through when making a change.
72
What type of model is Prochaska and DiClemente's model?
Cyclical ## Footnote It takes relapses or failures into account.
73
In social cognitive theory, what is the most important characteristic for successful change?
Self-efficacy ## Footnote Self-efficacy is defined as having the confidence in the ability to take action and persist in the action.
74
What does social cognitive theory propose affects behavioral change?
Environmental influences and personal factors ## Footnote The theory considers both external and internal environmental conditions.
75
According to the theory of reasoned action, what determines a person's actions?
Intention to perform that action ## Footnote Intention is influenced by attitude toward the behavior and subjective norms.
76
What are the two major factors that determine intention in the theory of reasoned action?
* The person's attitude toward the behavior * The influence of the person's social environment ## Footnote Attitude includes beliefs about outcomes and their value, while social environment includes beliefs about what others think and motivation to comply.
77
True or False: Prochaska and DiClemente's model is linear.
False ## Footnote The model is cyclical, allowing for relapses.
78
Fill in the blank: Self-efficacy is defined as having the confidence in the ability to _______.
take action and persist in the action
79
What does the theory of planned behavior include that expands upon the theory of reasoned action?
The concept of the individual's perceived control over the opportunities, resources, and skills necessary to perform a behavior or change. ## Footnote This perception of control is critical in behavior change processes.
80
What is considered an important characteristic for successful change according to the theory of planned behavior?
Self-efficacy. ## Footnote Self-efficacy is essential for individuals to believe they can successfully perform a behavior.
81
What does Rogers's diffusion of innovation theory explain?
The process by which new ideas are disseminated and integrated. ## Footnote This process can occur spontaneously or be planned.
82
List the main elements in the diffusion of innovation according to Rogers's theory.
* An innovation * That is communicated through certain channels * Over time * Among the members of a social system ## Footnote These elements are essential for understanding how innovations spread.
83
What is essential for the successful diffusion of an innovation?
Key people and policy makers interested in the innovation and committed to its implementation. ## Footnote Their involvement is crucial for the innovation to take root within a social system.
84
What are the five steps in the process of innovation diffusion?
* Knowledge * Persuasion * Decision * Implementation * Confirmation ## Footnote The steps outline how individuals or decision-making units interact with and adopt innovations.
85
What occurs during the Knowledge step of innovation diffusion?
The decision-making unit is introduced to the innovation and begins to understand it. ## Footnote This is the initial stage where awareness is created.
86
What happens in the Persuasion step of innovation diffusion?
An attitude, favorable or unfavorable, forms toward the innovation. ## Footnote This step involves forming opinions about the innovation.
87
What is the focus during the Decision step of innovation diffusion?
Activities lead to a decision to adopt or reject the innovation. ## Footnote This is where the actual choice is made regarding the innovation.
88
What does the Implementation step entail in the innovation diffusion process?
The innovation is put to use, and reinvention or alterations may occur. ## Footnote This involves the practical application of the innovation.
89
What occurs in the Confirmation step of innovation diffusion?
The individual or decision-making unit seeks reinforcement that the decision was correct. ## Footnote Conflicting messages may lead to reversing the original decision.
90
How does Rogers (2003) define diffusion?
A kind of social change, defined as the process by which alteration occurs in the structure and function of a social system. ## Footnote Diffusion leads to new ideas being adopted or rejected.
91
What factors influence the rate of change according to Berwick (2003)?
* Perceptions of the innovation/change * Perceived benefit of the change * Compatibility with values, beliefs, history, and current needs * Level of complexity of the proposed innovation or change * Re-invention of the innovation or change * Capability of making local modifications ## Footnote These factors help determine how quickly innovations are adopted.
92
True or False: The rate of change for simpler innovations is generally slower than for more complex ones.
False ## Footnote Simpler changes tend to have a faster rate of adoption.
93
Fill in the blank: The process of diffusion leads to _______ in social systems.
[social change] ## Footnote This change can result from the adoption or rejection of new ideas.
94
What are the five perceived attributes that facilitate the spread of changes?
* Benefit * Compatibility * Simplicity * Trialability * Observability ## Footnote These attributes help in the effective dissemination of innovations.
95
What are the characteristics of the early phase in the adoption curve?
Affects very few individuals (early adopters) ## Footnote This phase is marked by slow adoption.
96
What follows the early phase in the adoption curve of innovation?
A rapid middle phase with widespread adoption ## Footnote This phase shows a significant increase in the number of adopters.
97
What characterizes the final phase of the innovation adoption curve?
Typically ending with incomplete adoption ## Footnote This phase indicates a slowdown in the adoption process.
98
Name the five levels of adoption in Rogers's diffusion of innovation theory.
* Innovators * Early adopters * Early majority * Late majority * Laggards ## Footnote These levels categorize individuals based on their willingness to adopt innovations.
99
Define contextual factors in the context of diffusion.
Situational/environmental factors associated with an organization or social system.
100
Name at least three contextual factors that can impact diffusion.
* Management * Leadership * Communication * Incentives
101
What is the primary focus of Davis's Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)?
To view how external factors influence the intention to use technology.
102
According to TAM, what two factors significantly influence an individual's attitude toward technology use?
* Perceived usefulness * Perceived ease of use
103
True or False: The Technology Acceptance Model is an extension of the theory of reasoned action.
True
104
Fill in the blank: The Technology Acceptance Model considers external factors that influence _______ and _______.
perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use
105
What does the Technology Acceptance Model suggest influences actual use?
Attitude toward use
106
What does chaos theory of change or diffusion deal with?
Dynamic instability of complex systems such as nursing educational units ## Footnote It suggests that small changes can lead to larger changes over time due to sensitivity to initial conditions.
107
How is chaos theory often illustrated?
The flap of butterfly wings causing a tornado in another part of the world ## Footnote This illustrates how small actions can have significant, unpredictable consequences.
108
What is complexity theory in the context of nursing?
A change process rooted in physical sciences that views organizational structure as a whole composed of multiple systems ## Footnote It emphasizes human-to-human interactions and the apparent randomness of decisions.
109
What is a key aspect of decision-making in complexity theory?
Decisions are made in relation to human-to-human interactions ## Footnote These decisions may appear random but make sense within a broader context.
110
What does complexity theory expand regarding changes?
The theoretical notions that changes have causes and effects that can always be predetermined ## Footnote This suggests that while changes may seem random, they are part of a larger pattern.
111
According to the AACN, what must remain mission central to improve nursing education?
The values and principles of diversity, inclusion, and equity ## Footnote This reflects the need for cultural sensitivity when advocating for change.
112
Using chaos theory, what might happen to learners by their senior year if a change is made in the fundamentals class?
A change in the fundamentals class may lead to unforeseen impacts on learners' outcomes ## Footnote This question encourages critical thinking about the long-term effects of educational changes.
113
What does inclusion represent according to the AACN?
Inclusion represents cultures in which faculty, students, staff, and administrators with diverse characteristics thrive. ## Footnote AACN, 2017, p. 1
114
What is required for an environment to be considered inclusive?
An inclusive environment requires intentionality to embrace differences, not merely tolerate them. ## Footnote Breslin et al., 2018, p. 104
115
How should a nurse educator act when advocating for change?
A nurse educator should consider individuals' ethnic identities and cultural backgrounds and act in a culturally sensitive manner. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016
116
What behaviors do exclusionary practices include?
Exclusionary behaviors include incivility, bullying, and workplace violence. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016, p. 102
117
What do inclusive behaviors encourage?
Inclusive behaviors encourage diversity. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016, p. 102
118
What is the statement made by the AACN regarding inclusive environments?
Inclusive environments require intentionality and embrace differences, ensuring perspectives and experiences of others are invited, welcomed, acknowledged, and respected. ## Footnote AACN, March 20, 2017, p. 1
119
What must be incorporated in efforts to influence change?
Cultural considerations must be incorporated in any efforts to influence change. ## Footnote None
120
What is a rational for including higher-level cultural competence skills in health organization policies?
Response to current and projected demographic changes. ## Footnote None
121
What is the goal of eliminating long-standing health disparities?
To improve health outcomes among people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. ## Footnote Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare that are closely linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantages.
122
What does cultural competence aim to address in healthcare?
Interpersonal and institutional sources of racial and ethnic disparities. ## Footnote Cultural competence has become an all-encompassing approach to addressing these disparities.
123
List key considerations for applying cultural competence.
* Sensitivity to others' beliefs and values * Sensitivity to individual/group needs, preferences, and experiences * Tailoring communication/materials to appropriate levels, language, and literacy * Openness and flexibility ## Footnote These considerations are essential for effectively influencing change in healthcare.
124
What term is being shifted from 'cultural competency' to?
Cultural proficiency. ## Footnote This shift aims to communicate a broader approach to diversity and inclusion.
125
What does a focus on cultural proficiency signify?
A commitment to examine policies and practices beyond just diversity. ## Footnote It indicates a deeper engagement with cultural issues in healthcare.
126
True or False: Cultural proficiency focuses solely on diversity.
False. ## Footnote Cultural proficiency entails a broader commitment to inclusion and policy examination.
127
What is one of the main objectives of the National Center for Cultural Competence?
Improvement of the quality of and access to health services. ## Footnote This objective emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in enhancing healthcare delivery.
128
What is the first stage of the cultural proficiency continuum?
Cultural Destruction: Destroy differences ## Footnote This stage emphasizes the elimination of cultural differences.
129
What does Cultural Intolerance involve?
Demean differences ## Footnote This stage reflects a negative attitude towards cultural differences.
130
What is the focus of Cultural Reduction?
Discount differences ## Footnote This stage minimizes the importance of cultural diversity.
131
What does Cultural Precompetence encourage?
Accommodate differences ## Footnote This stage acknowledges cultural differences and makes provisions for them.
132
Define Cultural Competence.
Collaborate with differences ## Footnote This stage involves working together with diverse cultures.
133
What is the ultimate goal of Cultural Proficiency?
Co-create a healthy environment ## Footnote This stage aims for mutual growth and understanding among cultures.
134
What do the authors advocate for within higher education?
Ongoing diversity and inclusiveness training ## Footnote This training is crucial for ensuring cultural competency among faculty.
135
What are the essential cultural competencies relevant to advocating for change?
Not explicitly listed in the provided text ## Footnote Further details on these competencies may be found in additional resources.
136
What is a transformative teacher characterized by?
Models caring to his or her students ## Footnote Transformative teaching emphasizes empathy and support in education.
137
What is the significance of awareness and sensitivity in change management?
It involves recognizing differences in experiences and responses to change among individuals, groups, and organizations ## Footnote This awareness helps in tailoring approaches to facilitate smoother transitions.
138
What ability is crucial for identifying patterns of responses to change?
The ability to recognize differences and identify similar patterns of responses ## Footnote This skill aids in understanding how various entities react to change.
139
Why is avoiding stereotyping important in change management?
It acknowledges variations among individuals, groups, and organizations ## Footnote Avoiding stereotypes ensures that diverse perspectives are respected and considered.
140
How is communication related to culture?
Communication is inexorably interwoven with culture ## Footnote Understanding this relationship is essential for effective interaction in diverse settings.
141
What factors influence an individual's perception and ability to understand language?
Preference, level of comfort, and proficiency in language ## Footnote These factors can significantly affect how individuals make sense of their environment.
142
What knowledge is important for effective communication in diverse settings?
Knowledge of diversity in communication patterns, styles, and protocols ## Footnote Understanding these aspects can influence the development of trust in relationships.
143
What is the first strategy for planned change?
Diagnosing change risk and organizational capacity ## Footnote This step is critical for assessing how ready an organization is for change.
144
What must be established to successfully implement change?
A compelling case for the change and measures to manage change risk ## Footnote This approach protects the organization and its stakeholders.
145
True or False: Successful change does not require managing change risk.
False ## Footnote Managing change risk is essential to safeguard the organization and its stakeholders.
146
Fill in the blank: Successful change involves making a compelling case for the change and then putting into place measures to _______.
manage change risk ## Footnote This is crucial for protecting the organization and its stakeholders.
147
What does inclusion represent according to the AACN?
Inclusion represents cultures in which faculty, students, staff, and administrators with diverse characteristics thrive. ## Footnote AACN, 2017, p. 1
148
What is required for an environment to be considered inclusive?
An inclusive environment requires intentionality to embrace differences, not merely tolerate them. ## Footnote Breslin et al., 2018, p. 104
149
How should a nurse educator act when advocating for change?
A nurse educator should consider individuals' ethnic identities and cultural backgrounds and act in a culturally sensitive manner. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016
150
What behaviors do exclusionary practices include?
Exclusionary behaviors include incivility, bullying, and workplace violence. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016, p. 102
151
What do inclusive behaviors encourage?
Inclusive behaviors encourage diversity. ## Footnote Schmidt et al., 2016, p. 102
152
What must be incorporated in efforts to influence change?
Cultural considerations must be incorporated in any efforts to influence change. ## Footnote None
153
What is a rational for including higher-level cultural competence skills in health organization policies?
Response to current and projected demographic changes. ## Footnote None
154
What is the goal of eliminating long-standing health disparities?
To improve health outcomes among people from diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds. ## Footnote Health disparities refer to differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare that are closely linked with social, economic, and environmental disadvantages.
155
What does cultural competence aim to address in healthcare?
Interpersonal and institutional sources of racial and ethnic disparities. ## Footnote Cultural competence has become an all-encompassing approach to addressing these disparities.
156
How has the concept of cultural competence evolved over time?
It has changed but has always included patient-centered health care delivery principles. ## Footnote The concept continues to adapt to new understandings and contexts within healthcare.
157
List key considerations for applying cultural competence.
* Sensitivity to others' beliefs and values * Sensitivity to individual/group needs, preferences, and experiences * Tailoring communication/materials to appropriate levels, language, and literacy * Openness and flexibility ## Footnote These considerations are essential for effectively influencing change in healthcare.
158
What term is being shifted from 'cultural competency' to?
Cultural proficiency. ## Footnote This shift aims to communicate a broader approach to diversity and inclusion.
159
What does a focus on cultural proficiency signify?
A commitment to examine policies and practices beyond just diversity. ## Footnote It indicates a deeper engagement with cultural issues in healthcare.
160
True or False: Cultural proficiency focuses solely on diversity.
False. ## Footnote Cultural proficiency entails a broader commitment to inclusion and policy examination.
161
What is one of the main objectives of the National Center for Cultural Competence?
Improvement of the quality of and access to health services. ## Footnote This objective emphasizes the importance of cultural competence in enhancing healthcare delivery.
162
What is the first stage of the cultural proficiency continuum?
Cultural Destruction: Destroy differences ## Footnote This stage emphasizes the elimination of cultural differences.
163
What does Cultural Intolerance involve?
Demean differences ## Footnote This stage reflects a negative attitude towards cultural differences.
164
What is the focus of Cultural Reduction?
Discount differences ## Footnote This stage minimizes the importance of cultural diversity.
165
What does Cultural Precompetence encourage?
Accommodate differences ## Footnote This stage acknowledges cultural differences and makes provisions for them.
166
Define Cultural Competence.
Collaborate with differences ## Footnote This stage involves working together with diverse cultures.
167
What is the ultimate goal of Cultural Proficiency
Co-create a healthy environment ## Footnote This stage aims for mutual growth and understanding among cultures.
168
What is a transformative teacher characterized by?
Models caring to his or her students ## Footnote Transformative teaching emphasizes empathy and support in education.
169
What is the significance of awareness and sensitivity in change management?
It involves recognizing differences in experiences and responses to change among individuals, groups, and organizations ## Footnote This awareness helps in tailoring approaches to facilitate smoother transitions.
170
What ability is crucial for identifying patterns of responses to change?
The ability to recognize differences and identify similar patterns of responses ## Footnote This skill aids in understanding how various entities react to change.
171
What factors influence an individual's perception and ability to understand language?
Preference, level of comfort, and proficiency in language ## Footnote These factors can significantly affect how individuals make sense of their environment.
172
True or False: Successful change does not require managing change risk.
False ## Footnote Managing change risk is essential to safeguard the organization and its stakeholders.
173
Fill in the blank: Successful change involves making a compelling case for the change and then putting into place measures to _______.
manage change risk ## Footnote This is crucial for protecting the organization and its stakeholders.
174
What are the top eight effective change implementation strategies identified by Strom (2001)?
1. Multiple interventions 2. Outreach visits 3. Opinion leaders 4. Reminders 5. Feedback 6. Interactive (computer-based) 7. Interactive (educational) 8. Customized interventions ## Footnote Each strategy considers various organizational characteristics and external factors.
175
What does the strategy of multiple interventions entail?
Comprehensive interventions that consider many characteristics of the organization and the external environment ## Footnote This approach aims to address the complexity of organizational change.
176
What is the purpose of outreach visits in change implementation?
Provide education, feedback, practical support, reminders, and praise for progress ## Footnote Intensive support by a change agent is crucial for effective change.
177
Who are opinion leaders in the context of change implementation?
Individuals recognized by peers as influential educators to promote change ## Footnote Their credibility can enhance the acceptance of new practices.
178
What is the role of reminders in change implementation?
To prompt healthcare professionals to perform patient-specific clinical actions ## Footnote This behavioral approach is effective across various clinical behaviors.
179
What is meant by interactive (computer-based) interventions?
Using computer information systems to support practice, such as teleconferencing and information sharing ## Footnote These technologies facilitate communication and collaboration.
180
What defines interactive (educational) interventions?
Customized, phased, educational interventions designed to mitigate potential barriers ## Footnote These interventions aim to address user resistance and teach new skills.
181
What approach can achieve administrative intervention-clinical effectiveness?
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) or quality-management approach ## Footnote Focuses on core processes as the centerpiece of the initiative.
182
What is considered a pillar of nursing according to the American Nurses Association?
Advocacy ## Footnote Includes advocacy for patients, workplaces, and communities.
183
Why is legislative and political advocacy important for nurses?
It advances the profession and patient care ## Footnote Essential for influencing healthcare reform.
184
What are effective leadership skills essential for in nursing?
Leveraging nursing's potential to make a difference in healthcare ## Footnote Important for influencing policy.
185
What should nurse educators understand to build the capacity of nurse leaders?
Attributes that support them to function effectively at senior policy levels ## Footnote Referenced by Jivraj Shariff (2015) and Rafferty (2018).
186
What role does a nurse educator play in political processes?
Role model for active engagement in political processes ## Footnote Influences others to become politically active.
187
What do the ANA and ICN call on nurses to do?
Collaborate with other health professionals and the public ## Footnote Promotes community health initiatives.
188
Fill in the blank: The nurse educator is uniquely positioned to influence other nurses to become _______.
Politically active ## Footnote Highlights the educator's role in fostering advocacy.
189
True or False: The American Nurses Association believes that advocacy is not important in nursing.
False ## Footnote Advocacy is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice.
190
What are the four key rationales for nursing involvement in global health efforts?
* Successful attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals will require strong global partnerships and collaborations. * Equipping nurses with culturally relevant competencies is important for promoting the delivery of effective, culturally appropriate healthcare globally. * Key tools for engaging in global health efforts include partnerships, education, media outreach, and grassroots and grasstops approaches. * Nurses are strategically positioned to influence global health research, education, policy, and practice.
191
What is required for the successful attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals?
Strong global partnerships and collaborations.
192
List key tools for engaging in global health efforts.
* Partnerships * Education * Media outreach * Grassroots and grasstops approaches
193
How are nurses strategically positioned in the context of global health?
To influence global health research, education, policy, and practice.
194
What activities can nurses participate in to focus on global health?
* Continuing education programs * Interprofessional exchanges * Volunteerism with a global health focus
195
True or False: Nurses are fully leveraging their potential to influence policy.
False
196
What insights do nurses have that are relevant to public policy?
Important insights, values, and knowledge.
197
What role do nurse educators play in relation to public policy and nursing?
Preparing and mentoring nurses to be politically active.
198
What is the purpose of encouraging future generations to be politically active?
To engage them in civic duties and responsibilities ## Footnote This includes participation in the democratic process and understanding governmental functions.