FUNDA LEC WEEK 6 (PART 1) 200 SLIDES Flashcards by JASMINE JANE CRUZ

can cause an infant to feel unwell either by greeting the baby, or
simply by being overly fond of him or her when meeting the child for the first time.
To avoid passing the negative energy and cure the infant of usog, superstition practice
says you must dab your saliva on the baby’s forehead or abdomen. Most people would
often greet the child by saying “pwera usog” meaning protection from the hex. Some
even try to buy their child a bracelet made from black and red or coral beads to fight
usog.logical explanation: for babies feeling unwell after meeting strangers’ infant
react to the stress triggered of seeing unfamiliar faces or people—resulting in anxiety
to the baby; fear of stranger

na usog

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Several factors can cause hiccups, including swallowing air and eating or
drinking too much or too fast.
Remedies: bite on a slice of lemon, slowly sip ice-cold water while placing
gentle pressure on your nose as you swallow, or hold your breath for a
short time. Stay away from carbonated drinks, eat slower, and consume
smaller meals.

Get rid of a hiccup by placing a short thread wet with saliva on the
forehead.

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• there is no firm correlation between wet hair, loss of eyesight, and
insanity, so avoiding sleeping with wet hair is mostly for cosmetic
reasons.
• Rubbing wet hair against your pillow can cause hair damage or
breakage. The friction will also lead to you having to deal with a bad
hair day the next morning. If you notice alarming symptoms of vision
loss or a mental health issue, it’s best to visit an eye doctor or a
trusted outpatient care facility and let a medical professional handle it.

Going to bed right after a shower is believed to cause blindness
and insanity.

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• no evidence confirms this specific pamahiin (superstition) to be true.
• the growth of a child depends on various factors that influence
development, including nutrition, genes, sex, hormones, and
socioeconomic status.
Understanding the culture, healthcare beliefs, and practices of
Filipinos is important, as it affects the way nurses assess their needs
and provide care for their clients. Please read and understand the
topic below.

Stepping over a child will stunt his or her growth.

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is an awareness of shared interest, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes

solidarity

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it refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. commonly termed as the ____________

“pusong pinoy” or “bayanihan spirit”

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it is helping out one’s neighbor as a community, and doing a task together, thus lessening the workload and making the job easier. it is also called the community spirit and best exhibited when people wish to move locations in the rural area

bayanihan

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filipino get along with different kinds of people. they can easily adjust to any situation and are flexible. this trait foster cooperation, good and helpful deeds

helping others and gratitude (pakikisama at utang na loob)

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this concept is central to filipino self-care practices and is applied to all social relationships and encounters. according to this principle health is thought to be a result of balance, while illness due to humoral pathology and stress is usually the result of some imbalance. rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” cause illness and disorder. illustrated below are a range of humoral balances that influence filipino health perceptions

timbang (balance)

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are viewed holistically as an equilibrium model. In contrast, other explanatory models may include mystical, personalistic and naturalistic cause of illness or disease

health beliefs and behaviors: theories of illness

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are often attributed to experiences or behaviours such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligation. some believe that the soul goes out from the body and wanders, a phenomenon known as bangungot or that having nightmares after a heavy meal may result in death

mystical causes

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are associated with social punishment or retribution from a supernatural forces such as evil spirit (manga ga mud) or sorcerer (mangkukulam)

personalistic causes

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include a host of factors ranging from natural forces (thunder, lightning, drafts, etc, earthquake) to excessive stress, food, and drug incompatibility, infection, or familial susceptibility

naturalistic causes

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consist of prevention (avoiding inappropriate behavior that leads to imbalance) and curing (restoring balance); it is a system oriented to moderation. parallel to this holistic belief system is the understanding of modern medicine with its own basic logic and principles for treating certain types of diseases. these two systems co-exist and filipino older adults use a dual system of health care

basic logic of health and illness

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the body is thought to be a vessel or container that collects and eliminates impurities through physiological processess such as sweating, vomiting, expelling gas or having an inappropriate volume of menstrual bleeding

flushing

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adapts the concept of balance between “hot” and “cold” to prevent occurrence of illness and disorders

heating

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safeguards the body’s boundaries from outside influences such as supernatural and natural forces

protection

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5 coping styles common among elderly filipino americans

tiyaga
lakas ng loob
tatawanan ang problema
bahala na
pakikisama

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may be defined as “the principles and regulations
established in a community by some authority and applicable
to its people whether in the form of legislation or of custom
and policies recognized by judicial decision

law

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is a civil wrong or injury for which the court
provides a remedy in the form of money damages
(black ,1999)

tort

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4 intentional torts

• ASSAULT
• BATTERY
• FALSE IMPRISONMENT
• FRAUD

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is any intentional threat to bring about
harmful or offensive contact with another individual,
no actual contact is necessary
• Eg. threatening a patient to give an injection
• Restrain a patient for an x-ray procedure when the
patient has refused consent

assault

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an intentional touching without consent ,the
contact is harmful to the patient and causes an injury , or
it is merely offensive to the patient dignity
• Eg. Giving an injection without patient consent
• A patient gives consent for left knee repair but the
surgeon performs right knee surgery

battery

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• Making a person stay in pace against is
wishes is false imprisonment
• Eg. Restraining or confining a patient to a
locked room without proper consent could
constitute false imprisonment

false imprisonment

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• ______ is a willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause or caused harm to a person or property • Eg. giving incorrect information to obtain a better positon or job

fraud

2 unintentional torts

• NEGLIGENCE • MALPRACTICE

• Negligence is conduct that falls below the standard of care • Malpractice is one type of negligence called professional negligence

true

is a patients agreement to allow something to happen, such as surgery based on a full disclosure of risks, benefits alternatives and consequences of refusal (Black, 1999)

informed content

advance directives are legal documents stating the wishes of individuals regarding health care in institutions in which they are no longer capable of giving personal informed consent

advance directive

In India 5,00,000 people die because of non availability of organs per year and 1,50,000 people await a kidney transplant but only 5,000 get one 10 lakh people suffer from corneal blindness and await transplant (Times of india) Types: live donation and cadaveric donation

organ and tissue organ

• The word ______ derived from the Greek term ethos, which means ‘customs` • ________ can be defined as a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing , defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct, often addressing deputes of moral diversity(wikipedia)

ethics

6 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES ASPECTS OF NURSING

1. Autonomy 2. Beneficence 3. Nonmaleficence 4. Fidelity 5. Justice 6. veracity

• It involves the right of self-determination or choice, independence and freedom • Eg;the purposes of the preoperative consent is to assure in writing that the health care team respects the patients independence by obtaining permission to proceed

autonomy

• This principle promotes taking positive, active steps to help others • Eg; a child immunisation causes discomfort during administration but the benefits of protection from disease both individual and for society,outweigh the temporary discomforts

beneficence

It refers to the fundamental agreement to do no harm

nonmaleficence

• It refers to the agreement to keep promises , commitments ,responsibilities that one has made oneself and others • Eg; if you assess a patient for pain and then offer a plan to manage it, this principle encourages you to do your best to keep the promise to improve the patients comfort

fidelity

• Telling the truth or intentionally decieving or misleading patient • Eg; should you tell the truth when you know that it might cause harm to the client? • families go to great lengthens to protect a dying patient from the harsh truth of his prognosis ,and the patient himself may not wish to know

veracity

• It refers principle of fairness • It implies equal treatment of all clients • Eg ;a national multidisciplinary committee strives for fairness by ranking recipients according to need, rather than resorting to selling organs .

justice

is defined as `a specific set of professional behaviours and values the professional interpreter must know and abide by including confidentiality, accuracy, privacy, integrity.

code of ethics

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which a choice must be made between two equally undesirable actions

ethical dilemma

A person shall be deemed to be practicing nursing within the meaning of this Act when he/she singly or in collaboration with another, initiates and performs nursing services to individuals, families and communities in any health care setting.  It includes, but not limited to, nursing care during ◦ conception, ◦ labor, ◦ delivery, ◦ infancy, ◦ childhood

Section 28. Scope of Nursing

a) Be a RN in the Philippines; b) Have at 2 years experience in general nursing service administration; c) Possess a degree of Bachelors of Science in Nursing, with at least nine (9) units in management and administration courses at the graduate level; and d) Be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurse

Section 29. Qualification of Nursing Service Administrators

10 KEY PHASES:

Phase 1 – Work Setting scenario Phase 2 – Validation studies of roles and responsibilities/Benchmarking Phase 3 – Integrative review of outputs from the validation strategies Phase 4 – Core competency consensual validation Phase 5 – Conduct of public hearing Phase 6 – Promulgation of the revised and modified core competency standards. Phase 7 – Printing of the revised and modified core competency standards. Phase 8 – Training in the implementation of the revised core competency standards. Phase 9 – Implementation of the revised core competency standards. Phase 10 – Evaluation of effectiveness of the revised core competency standards.

• Every person has a right to health and medical care corresponding to his state of health, without any discrimination and within the limits of the resources, manpower and competence available for health and medical care at the relevant time. • The patient has the right to appropriate health and medical care of good quality. • In the course of such care, his human dignity, convictions, integrity, individual • needs and culture shall be respected.

Right to Appropriate Medical Care and Humane Treatment

• The patient has a right to a clear, truthful and • substantial explanation, in a manner and language understandable to the patient, • of all proposed procedures, whether diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative • or therapeutic, wherein the person who will perform the said procedure shall provide his name and credentials to the patient, possibilities of any risk of mortality or serious side effects

Right to Informed Consent

• The privacy of the patients must be • assured at all stages of his treatment. The patient has the right to be free from • unwarranted public exposure, except in the following cases: • a) when his mental or physical condition is in controversy and the appropriate • court, in its discretion, orders him to submit to a physical or mental examination by a physician; • b) when the public health and safety so demand; and c) when the patient waives this right.

Right To Privacy and Confidentiality

In the course of his/her treatment and hospital care, • the patient or his/her legal guardian has a right to be informed of the result of the evaluation of the nature and extent of his/her disease

right to information

The patient is free to choose the health care provider to serve him as well as the facility except when s/he is under the care of a service facility or when public health and safety so demands or when the patient expressly or impliedly waives this right.

The Right To Choose Health Care Provider and Facility

The patient has the right to avail himself/her self of any recommended diagnostic and treatment procedures. Any person of legal age and of sound mind may make an advance written directive for physicians to administer terminal care when he/she suffers from the terminal phase of a terminal illness

right to self determination

The patient has the right to refuse medical • Treatment or procedures which may be contrary to his religious beliefs, subject to the limitations described in the preceding subsection

right to religious belief

The patient is entitled to a summary of his • medical history and condition, He has the right to view the contents of his medical records, except psychiatric notes and other incriminatory information obtained about third parties, with the attending physician explaining contents thereof

right to medical record

• .- The patient has the right to leave a hospital or any other health care institution regardless of his physical condition: Provided, That • a) he/she is in formed of the medical consequences of his/her decision; • b) he/she releases those involved in his/her care from any obligation relative to the consequences of his decision; • c) his/her decision will not prejudice public health and safety.

right to leave

The patient has the right to be advised if the health care provider plans to involve him in medical research, including but not limited to human experimentation which may be performed only with the written informed consent of the patient.

Right to Refuse Participation in Medical Research

The patient has the right to communicate with relatives and other persons and to receive visitors subject to reasonable limits prescribed by the rules and regulations of the health care institution.

Right to Correspondence and to Receive Visitors

• .- The patient has the right to express • complaints and grievances about the care and services received without fear of • discrimination or reprisal and to know about the disposition of such complaints.

right to express grievances

Every person has the right to be informed of his rights and obligations as a patient.

Right to be Informed of His Rights and Obligations as a Patient

WHAT IS NURSING CORE COMPETENCY STANDARD?

A standard set of performance domains and their corresponding behavioural standards which a nurse is required to demonstrate the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes a nurse must possess in order to perform a set of defined activities to an expected standard

Purpose of nursing core competency.

 The Core Competencies set the foundation for RNs to maintain their competence and to acquire additional competencies or advanced clinical skills to deliver safe client care in response to changing healthcare needs and advancement in technology.  The skills needed by healthcare professionals were determined by a collaborative effort of healthcare leaders organized under the Healthcare Leadership Alliance. The skills are grouped under five core competencies: communication, leadership, professionalism, knowledge, and business skills.  To give guidelines to be submitted to CHED such as number of cases needed to assist by the nurses on practice.

Thus, in 2005, as an output of a key project, Board of Nursing Resolution no. 112 Series 0f 2005, adopted and promulgated the Core Competency Standards of Nursing Practice in the Philippines. As mandated, the Board of Nursing ensured, through a monitoring and evaluation scheme, that the core competency standards are implemented and utilized effectively in nursing education , in the development of test questions for the Nurse Licensure Examination (NLE),and in nursing service as a basis for orientation, training and performance appraisal.

true

states that the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing is empowered to “monitor and enforce quality standards of nursing practice in the Philippines and exercise the powers necessary to ensure the maintenance of efficient, ethical and technical, moral and professional standards in the practice of nursing taking into account the health needs of the nation.”

Article III, section 9 of Republic Act No. 9173 or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002

Provides a rational and structured way to analyse the future. This can help prevent nursing care from becoming fixated on a single, over-optimistic view of the future and developing nursing plans that assume ideal conditions and outcomes.

Phase I – Work setting scenario analysis

System is designed to help programs evaluate, track, and document the competencies the program expects its students to achieve. This system is a key component of a broader approach to competency- based education and training in professional nursing

Phase II –Validation studies of roles and responsibilities/ Benchmarking of core competencies with other

 To provide a greater comprehensive understanding of a particular phenomenon or healthcare problem.  To support new knowledge and experiences. By doing this, learners draw on their skills and apply them to new experiences at a more complex level.

Phase III- Integrative review of outputs from the validation strategies

 ConsensualValidation refers to the agreement of two or more perspectives on reality. This is when two or more separate individuals agree on observed events.  Similarly implies that we will enjoy the same things with the other person.

Phase IV- Consensual Validation of Core Competency Standards

A formal proceeding held in order to receive testimony from all interested parties – including the general public on a proposed issue or action. Those interested in providing testimony will be sworn in usually by a court stenographer and be allowed to present oral comments.

PhaseV – Conduct of Public hearing

 Formally putting it into effect, by public declaration: Upon adoption, signing, and promulgation of these provisions in the established procedure, they acquire the power of law

Phase VI – Promulgation of the Revised and Modified Core Competency Standards

This will serve as guide to ensure proper embedding and spreading of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards (NNCCS) in both nursing education and nursing service (hospital-based and community-based).

Phase VII- Printing of the Revised and Modified core competency Standards (2012 NNCCS)

The training modules were prepared by nursing experts from the academe, service and community to ensure that examples, case studies and scenarios in the workplace were realistic and relevant and to ensure compliance with the NNCCS.

Phase VIII- Training in the implementation of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards

It is about putting a plan into action and to practice the work of nursing standard.

Phase IX - Implementation of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards

 To determine if the expected comletencies on managing a nursing services is effectively achieved.

Phase X - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the 2012 National Nursing Core Competency Standards

To promote relevant and quality higher education, ensuring access to quality higher education, and guaranteeing and protecting academic freedom for continuing intellectual growth, development of responsible and effective leadership

Basic Nursing Education Program in the Philippines through the Commission on Higher Education (CHED).

To grants permission to practice professional nursing and ensure that the person holding the license has met the minimum, first, or entry- level competencies to safely perform nursing activities within the scope of professional nursing practice.

Competency-based Test Framework as the basis for the development of course syllabi and test questions for “entry level” nursing practice in the Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination.

The Standards of Professional Nursing Practice are authoritative statements of the duties that all registered nurses, regardless of role, population or specialty are expected to perform competently .

Standards of Professional Nursing Practice in various settings in the Philippines.

To help develop or move towards a more advanced state of a person’s qualifications, job, title, position, or profession, it outlines the route that one may follow in order to reach identified career development goals.

National Career Progression Program (NCPP) for nursing practice in the Philippines.

The student evaluation of nursing practice is the primary instrument that the nursing institution in the Philippines uses to assess competency level or standard of care performance especially through return demonstration practice in actual hospital settings. Other most commonly used method of evaluation is questionnaire in which an individual attempts answers in writing on a paper or even surveys.

Any or related evaluation tools in various practice settings in the Philippines