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MII > fungal cell biology > Flashcards

fungal cell biology Flashcards

1
Q

What can aggregations of amoebae differentiate into

A

Differentiate into spore-bearing fruiting structures

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2
Q

What is a plasmodium

A

Single cell containing many nuclei

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3
Q

What is the life cycle of plasmodial slime moulds

A

Fusion of swarm cells form plasmodium which becomes feeding network for plasmodium growth and movement

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4
Q

What is the cell cycle of yeast

A

1)bud emergence
2) spindle pole body separation
3)nuclear migration
4)nuclear division
5)cytokinesis
6)cell separation

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5
Q

What is a mycelium

A

A fungal network composed of multiple interconnected hyphae

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6
Q

Which cells exhibit tip growth

A

Fungal hyphae
Pollen tubes
Root hairs
Algal and fern rhizoids
Moss cell filaments

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7
Q

What are germ tubes

A

Specialised hyphae which emerge during spore germination and are involved in colony establishment

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8
Q

What do hyphae aggregate to form

A

Rhizomorphic mycelium

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9
Q

What is rhizomorphic mycelium

A

Thick strands of hyphae which have adhered to help fungus cover area, grow quickly and establish feeding network

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10
Q

What membrane fluorescent dye is used to visualise spitzenkorper

A

FM4-64

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11
Q

What is a spitzenkorper

A

Structure found in growing tips of fungal hyphae and key in its growth and development

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12
Q

What do the pores on septa allow for

A

Allow passage of organelles and cytoplasm between adjacent hyphal compartments

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13
Q

How can septal pores be blocked

A

Can be rapidly blocked if hyphae become damaged (e.g eaten by mites)

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14
Q

What are Golgi cisternae involved in

A

Golgi involved in glycosylation. and packaging in vesicles of secreted and integral membrane proteins

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15
Q

Where does hyphal fusion and additional growth occur

A

Occurs in colony interior as the colony matures

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16
Q

What is the term given to fungi which infect humans

A

Mycoses

17
Q

What can dermatophytes cause

A

Ringworm, athletes foot, nail infection (example of parasitism)

18
Q

How do commensal mycoses grow

A

Grow harmlessly on mucous membranes but can become invasive pathogens

19
Q

How do opportunistic pathogens of the lungs grow

A

Found as saprotrophs but can grow in the lungs and invade tissues of immune-compromised individuals

20
Q

How can an individual get sporothrix basiliensis (yeast-like fungus)

A

Opportunistic pathogen of wounds or traumatised tissue

21
Q

What are characteristics of dermatophytes

A

Ascomycete fungi (sac-like structures)
Primarily asexual
Reproduce by asexual spores called conidia

22
Q

What are features of dermatophytes

A

Living tissues not invaded as canot gorw at 37oC
Irritation leads to scratching => further dmg to tissues enabling bacteria to invade

23
Q

Where can hyphal fronds grow

A

In planes of weakness within stratified substrate e.g skin flakes

24
Q

What ability do dermatophytes have that contributes to disease growth

A

Ability to grow keratin rich substrates

25
Q

What is candida albicans and where does it grow

A

Type of yeast that grows harmlessly as a commensal on mucous membranes of mouth, gut and vulvo-vagina tract

26
Q

What is the route of infection by cryptococcus neoformans

A

Spores inhaled into lungs, lodging into alveoli, dissemination to CNS

27
Q

What are pathogenicity factors of cryptococcus neoformans

A

Ability to grow at human body temp
Ability to grow in presence of 5% CO2
Capsule
Melanin

28
Q

What are the 4 classes of antifungal compounds used to treat humans

A

Azoles
Polyene antibiotics
Echinocandins
Flucytosine

29
Q

How do azoles function and what do they treat

A

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis - often used to treat candida albicans and superficial infections e.g athletes foot

30
Q

What is ergosterol

A

Important component of the fungal plasma membrane

31
Q

How do polyene antibiotics function

A

Associates with ergosterol in plasma membrane to form pores disrupting ion homeostasis in fungal cells

32
Q

how do echinocandins function

A

Inhibit synthesis of B(beta)(1,3)-glucan, a major component of fungal cell walls

33
Q

How does flucytosine function

A

Inhibits DNA and protein synthesis in fungal cells

34
Q

How is the coprine mushroom toxic

A

The toxin inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase => accumulation of acetaldehyde in the bloodstream

35
Q

How is the orellanin toxin poisonous

A

The orellanin toxin affects the proximal tubules of kidneys and result in kidney failure

MII (21 decks)

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