Immune system Flashcards
what are the 4 categories if barrier defense mechanisms
1)skin
2)gut
3)lungs
3)eyes/nose/oral cavity
what are 4 ways pathogens can penetrate physical barriers
1)skin breaks/wounds
2)animal bites
3)insect bites
4)parasites burrow through skin
what are the two main intertwined features of the immune system
innate and adaptive immunity
features of innate immunity
1)broad specificity
2)recognizes danger signals
3)rapid response rate
features of adaptive immunity
1)highly specific (can distinguish 2 diff strains of same virus)
2)requires time to develop
3)immunological memory (remembers pathogens)
what is innate immunity and its role
first line of defense with role to slow down infection - gives time for adaptive response to develop
what is the average duration for adaptive immunity to develop
5-7 days
what are functions of innate immunity
1)senses + responds to danger
2)ready to respond instantly
3)recruits immune cells to infection site (inflammation)
4)tells adaptive immune cells when to respond
what are the 4 innate killing methods
1)phagocytosis (macrophages, neutrophils)
2)secretion of cytotoxic granules (neutrophils ,mast cells)
3)killing infected cells (NK cells used)
4)complement proteins (dmg bacterial membranes)
what makes up the foundation of adaptive immunity
T and B cells
features of T and B cells
1)recognize huge range of proteins w/ high specificity
2)specificity = more effective immune response
3)both have immune memory
what are the three types of T cells
1)helper T cells (Th cell)
2)regulatory T cells (Treg cell)
3)cytotoxic T cells (CTL)
what is the function of helper T cells
co-ordinate immune responses and amplify innate immunity
what is the function of regulatory T cells
to turn off immune responses
what is the function of cytotoxic T cells
to kill infected cells
