Fungal Infections

Question 1

key virulence factor of fungus

Answer 1

growth

Question 2

type of fungus that grows in dead and dying material

Answer 2

saprophytes

Question 3

patients on chemotherapy
recent organ transplant recipients
predisposed autoimmune disease

Answer 3

patients who have higher risk of acquiring fungal infection

Question 4

chitin
beta(1,3)glucan
Ergosterol

Answer 4

3 main things the fungal cell wall is made of

Question 5

target for anti-fungals

Answer 5

ergosterol

Question 6

main way to diagnose fungal infections

Answer 6

direct prep microscopy (look at morphology)

Question 7

main way to direct prep

Answer 7

KOH w/ calcofluor

Question 8

how fungal pure culture is prepared

Answer 8

LPCB tease mount

Question 9

2 forms of fungi

Answer 9

yeast
filamentous

Question 10

changes phase in which it grows due to change in temperature

Answer 10

dimorphic fungi

Question 11

phase where fungus grows in dying/dead matter and at ambient temp.

Answer 11

saprobic phase

Question 12

phase where fungus grows in us at 37 degrees celsius

Answer 12

parasitic phase

Question 13

hyaline

Answer 13

no color

Question 14

dematiaceous (phaeohyphomycoses)

Answer 14

color

Question 15

grows above medium

Answer 15

Aerial

Question 16

grows into and under medium

Answer 16

vegetative

Question 17

infective propagules are made when

Answer 17

during asexual reproduction

Question 18

conidia
spores

Answer 18

Aerial hyphae

Question 19

blastoconidia
chlamydoconidia
arthroconidia

Answer 19

vegetative hyphae

Question 20

propagule formed and ready but still attached to hyphae

Answer 20

conidiophore or sporangiophore

Question 21

produces conidia; septate hyphae

Answer 21

conidiophore

Question 22

produces spores; aseptate hyphae

Answer 22

sporangiophore

Question 23

vegetative hyphae that grows as “cluster of grapes”

Answer 23

Blastoconidia

Question 24

vegetative hyphae that has terminal endings looking like rings

Answer 24

chlamydoconidia

Question 25

vegetative hyphae that has barrel-shaped growth

Answer 25

arthroconidia

Question 26

host response to fungal infection

Answer 26

first: macrophages second: cell-mediated

Question 27

unlike bacteria, fungus do not produce what

Answer 27

exotoxins

Question 28

fungal pathogens can be classified in 2 major ways

Answer 28

1. mode of sexual reproduction 2. site on host

Question 29

main yeast

Answer 29

candida

Question 30

main mold

Answer 30

aspergillus

Question 31

main 3 true dimorphic fungi

Answer 31

blastomyces histoplasma sporothrix

Question 32

affects skin and hair dermatophytes to treat: topical antifungal

Answer 32

superficial mycoses

Question 33

pityriasis versicolor (macules on trunk) an example of what (has spaghetti and meatballs direct prep)

Answer 33

superficial mycoses

Question 34

affects dermis, fascia, muscle ulcerated lesions

Answer 34

subcutaneous mycoses

Question 35

this example of subcutaneous mycoses deals with THERMAL CONVERSION; also occupation as landscaper/gardener important

Answer 35

Sporotrichosis (sporothrix)

Question 36

opportunistic invasive fungi

Answer 36

candida

Question 37

systemic invasive fungi (2)

Answer 37

histoplasma blastomyces

Question 38

endemic in ohio river valley and are dimorphic

Answer 38

histoplasma blastomyces

Question 38

grows on soil and decaying leaf matter presents w/ pneumonia and hacking cough

Answer 38

blastomycosis

Question 39

to diagnose blastomycosis

Answer 39

direct prep w/ Giemsa stain (see yeast) culture (see hyphae)

Question 39

grows on bat and bird droppings presents w/ flu-like sx's (after spelunking)

Answer 39

histoplasmosis

Question 40

to diagnose histoplasmosis

Answer 40

giemsa stain (yeast)

Question 41

not true dimorphic fungi yeast (opportunistic) CATHETER placements

Answer 41

Candida

Question 42

blood infections w/ candida

Answer 42

candidemia

Question 43

most common cause of candidiasis

Answer 43

C. albicans

Question 44

number one cause of candidiasis

Answer 44

Ab therapy (dysbiosis)

Question 45

patient w/ HIV and diabetes has catheter removed and it had gelatinous mass on tip; he experienced rash on trunk and a fever

Answer 45

systemic response to candida in blood

Question 46

to diagnose candida:

Answer 46

culture

Question 47

toxicity of anti-fungal drugs

Answer 47

liver and renal

Question 48

topical polyenes that target ergosterol and form pores (fungicidal)

Answer 48

Amphotericin B Nystatin

Question 49

Azole that targets ergosterol synthesis (fungistatic)

Answer 49

Flucanoazole

Question 50

Allyamine that targets ergosterol synthesis

Answer 50

Terbinafine

Question 51

least toxic anti-fungal targets beta(1,3) glucan

Answer 51

Echinocandins

Question 52

targets fungal DNA/RNA synthesis

Answer 52

Flucytosine