Fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of T. Unguium

A

Oral Terbinafine: 6 weeks to 3 months for fingernails; 3-6 months for toe nails
Oral Itraconazole
For superficial or mild nail infection: Amorolfine nail lacquer: 6 months for fingernails; 9-12 months for toenails

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2
Q

What is used for limited nail infection?

A

Amorolfine nail lacquer

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal candida infection?

A

Candida albicans

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4
Q

What is Kerion? How can it be transmitted?

A

Kerion is an abscess caused by fungal infection. Zoophilic transmission: can pass from infected animals

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5
Q

Risk factors for candidiasis

A

Diabetes
Patients with peripheral vascular disease
Immune suppression mediated by steroids/HIV
Use of antibiotics

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6
Q

What are the two most common subcutaneous mycoses in the UK?

A

Mycetoma and Sporotrichosis

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7
Q

Can Nystatin be absorbed by the bloodstream?

A

No

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8
Q

How long is the treatment for toenail infections and fingernail infections?

A

For oral Terbinafine:
6 weeks to 3 months for fingernails
3 to 6 months for toenails.

For use of Amorolfine Nail Lacquer:
6 months for fingernails
9-12 months for toenails.

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9
Q

What is pityriasis versicolor? What is seen in pityriasis versicolor?

A

Mild chronic infection of the stratum corneum which results in discoloration of the skin

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10
Q

Which fungi causes pityriasis versicolor?

A

Yeast - Malassezia

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Pityriasis Versicolor?

A

1% selenium sulfide or Ketoconazole shampoo/cream

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12
Q

How does Sporotrichosis spread?

A

Through the lymphatics

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13
Q

What causes Sporotrichosis?

A

Dimorphic Fungi - Sporothrix Schenckii

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14
Q

What causes Mycetoma?

A

Actinomycetes or moulds

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15
Q

Name the 3 fungi that leads to systemic mycoses.

A

Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus Neoformans

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16
Q

Is Aspergillus a mould or a yeast?

A

Mould

17
Q

What are the 4 important host defences against Aspergillus?

A

Lung Macrophages, T lymphocytes, Complements and Neutrophils

18
Q

What causes Mucormycosis?

A

Mucormycetes/Zygomycetes

Mucormycosis was previously known as Zygomycosis.

19
Q

Who has a higher risk of Aspergillosis - BM transplant patients or Solid Organ transplant patients?

A

BM Transplant

20
Q

Which fungi can be found in pigeon droppings?

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

21
Q

What is PCP? What is the cause of PCP?

A

PCP - Pneumocystis Pneumonia

Caused by fungal infection, Pneumocystis Jirovecii

22
Q

What is Sporotrichosis also known as?

A

Rose Gardener’s disease