fungi

Question 1

name some basic characteristics of fungi (4)

Answer 1

stationary, heterotrophs/decomposers, eukaryotes, chitin cell walls

Question 2

decomposers…

Answer 2

break down complex substances, can then be used by other organisms

Question 3

saprophytes…

Answer 3

break down dead stuff, live on dead/decaying matter

Question 4

how do saprophytes eat?

Answer 4

enzymes secreted into soil/dead organism -> extracellular digestion -> products absorbed

Question 5

what is extracellular digestion?

Answer 5

when enzymes digest organic material outside of the cell

Question 6

humus is…

Answer 6

the organic content of soil made of decomposed organic material

Question 7

what are some typical conditions for decomposition to occur? (4)

Answer 7

warm temperature, enough moisture, SA of decomposing organism is large enough, enough oxygen

Question 8

how can fungi be harmful?

Answer 8

diseases, rot, agricultural damage, infrastructural damage

Question 9

how can fungi be helpful?

Answer 9

brewing, baking, antibiotics, consuming, decomposing pollutants, succession of plants

Question 10

what is the succession of plants?

Answer 10

from no plants to plants yes

Question 11

are fungi closer to animals or plants?

Answer 11

animals

Question 12

where is most of the fungi? (structurally)

Answer 12

underground

Question 13

what is the part of the fungi that is above the ground called?

Answer 13

reproductive structure, fruiting body

Question 14

what are fungi made out of?

Answer 14

hyphae/mycelium
technically only called mycelium underground but who one cares lmao

Question 15

what is the cell wall of fungi made out of?

Answer 15

chitin

Question 16

how are the hyphae of fungi divided?

Answer 16

septa (cell walls) divide them into cell-like compartments

Question 17

what is each hypha made out of?

Answer 17

long tubes of cytoplasm (and the chitin cell walls)

Question 18

what are the 2 functions of fungi?

Answer 18

nutrient absorption, reproduction

Question 19

what is the purpose of mycelia?

Answer 19

nutrient absorption

Question 20

what fungi has swimming spores?

Answer 20

chytridiomycota

Question 21

what is ascomycota also called?

Answer 21

sac fungi

Question 22

what fungi phyla does yeast fall under?

Answer 22

ascomycota
(apparently also basidiomycota though -.-)

Question 23

what fungi phyla do bread and fruit molds fall under?

Answer 23

zygomycota

Question 24

what fungi is called soil fungi?

Answer 24

zygomycota (highly questionable)

Question 25

what category of fungi has many species that are parasitic to insects?

Answer 25

zygomycota

Question 26

what category of fungi are decomposers?

Answer 26

basidiomycota

Question 27

what fungi phyla has many species that can cause serious plant diseases?

Answer 27

ascomycota

Question 28

mushrooms are part of what phyla?

Answer 28

basidiomycota

Question 29

what fungi phyla can form symbiotic relationships with plants?

Answer 29

basidiomycota

Question 30

what fungi phyla forms mycorrhizae with plant roots? (entire phyla)

Answer 30

glomeromycota

Question 31

puffballs and bracket fungi are part of what phyla?

Answer 31

basidiomycota

Question 32

what is mycorrhizae?

Answer 32

a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi

Question 33

list the 3 ways fungi can reproduce asexually

Answer 33

budding, fragmentation, spores

Question 34

budding is...

Answer 34

when a baby cell develops from a parent cell, eventually pinching off to form a new individual

Question 35

fragmentation is...

Answer 35

when a piece of mycelium breaks off from fungi to form a new individual